Description: A research paper that outlines a seamless method of deriving assumptions for modern reserving and solvency capital requirements from a company’s own data.

Description: S&P reissued a second Request for Comment (RFC) in May 2023 that proposed changes to their insurer capital adequacy methodology and assumptions, and suggested these proposed changes may become effective at the end of 2023. This paper is to highlight the notable changes between the current capital model criteria and the proposed model. We also discuss major changes from the first RFC and the second RFC, as well as several key items that still require enhanced guidance and clarification. Our analysis is based on information gathered from S&P's public comments, conversations with industry participants, and publications released by S&P Global as of July 2023 when this paper was written. Most U.S. life insurers are rated by S&P using their U.S. Life Statutory Capital model, while other insurers use the GAAP/IFRS Capital Model. Statutory financials will remain the starting point for U.S. life insurers under the proposed model, however there will be additional adjustments made to these numbers in an effort to create consistency and comparability with other accounting and solvency regimes.

Description: The author proposes the concept of a risk-free equivalent rate of return on shareholders' equity, or ‘REROSHE,’ as a means of helping business managers make decisions involving risk. The author defines REROSHE as ‘that certain return on an investment of u that will generate the same expected value of utility as will earnings on a line of business supported by surplus u.’ Includes discussion and author’s review of discussion. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1983 Volume 35.

Description: This presentation is a concurrent session from the joint Society of Actuaries/Casualty Actuarial Society Meeting held April 10-11, 1978 in New York City. In their discussion, the panelists define solvency and capacity, and consider how capacity can be measured, the qualitative aspects of solvency, the effects of inflation, availability of capital, and insurance risk vs. investment risk. Discussion from Participants is included. From the Record of Society of Actuaries, Volume 4, No. 1.

Description: 1994 SOA Spring Meeting, Orlando. This session is about raising capital for mutual companies. Subjects discussed: 1. Access to capital markets. 2. Use of surplus debentures. 3. Demutualization. 4. Securitization. 5. Sale/leaseback of home office. 6. Sales of blocks of business. 7. Rating agency perspectives.

Description: 1994 SOA Meeting, San Francisco. This session explored the various ways a mutual company might attempt to access the capital markets and the various procedures and instruments that might be employed to acquired capital.