Description: The article describes the insurance industry's preparation for pandemic events and the public finance response.

Description: This article discusses the risk mix related mathematical rationale for national average ACA premium rates dropping for the first time in 2019.

Description: Update on Affordable Care Act topics, including Section 1332 waivers, Association Health Plans, silver loading and cost sharing reductions.

Description: ACA risk adjustment has now been in play for years. The original intent of risk adjustment was to help stabilize the market through measuring risk levels of each issuer. However, the risk adjustment program may have introduced additional uncertainty due to annual market shifts and model changes, making risk adjustment estimation is a difficult task. This article analyzes the results over time, including impacts from market changes and model changes.

Description: Cost sharing reduction (CSR) payments are offered to low-income individual insurance buyers under the ACA. After October 2017, the difference in costs between the standard silver plan and CSR variants were defunded. To cover the costs of defunding, insurers have increased rates either through "broad loading" or "silver loading." States are approaching this adjustment differently, which is leading to some interesting differences between states. This article will review these differences.