Description: This paper discusses some powerful uses of recursive functions, including: 1. Universal life, both for the calculation of target premiums and reserves. 2. Paid-up Rider. Recursive functions can directly determine a premium that precisely matures the rider. 3. Traditional Whole Life. Reserves can be efficiently calculated when needed instead of referring to a table of stored factors. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1993, VOL. 3.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, A Present Value Approach to Profit Margins and Dividends by Harwood Rosser. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1951, Vol. 3, No. 7.

Description: This discussion on dividends looks at the two factor system and the experience premium system of distributing dividends and if they are more satisfactory under present-day conditions than the three factor method. Also discussed was the uniform reversionary bonus system. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1949, Vol. 1, No. 1.

Description: The paper analyzes the merits of various bases for illustrating ordinary life insurance dividends considering dividend histories, current allocation, current experience, dividend forecasts and investment generation allocation. A discussion of the paper follows. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1978, Vol. 30.

Description: This paper summarizes traditional actuarial thinking on individual policy dividends and some of the current concerns, covering dividend class, reserves and nonforfeiture values on dividends, terminal dividends, dividend illustrations and changes in dividend scales. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1978, Vol. 30.

Description: Discusses a method to construct an endowment plan which provides for a maturity value greater than face by treating the paid up amount as the sum insured whenever it exceeds face. The formulas for premiums, cash values and amount of insurance are provided.

Description: Presents the proposed new valuation table for industrial life insurance to replace the 1941 Standard Industrial Mortality Table, with the specifics of its development. Discussions of this report are also included.

Description: This report presents the results of an experience study.

Description: Discussion of: 1. Interest and mortality assumptions for retirement income policy maturity values and optional settlement rates guaranteed in new policies 2. Modifications that are being made in the Jumping Juvenile, Family Policy and Special Plans 3. Merits of combining individual health with ordinary life insurance plans

Description: This paper develops the mathematical formulas for net premiums and reserves for whole life plans in which the benefit is insurance for the face amount plus the net level reserve or plus the Commissioners Reserve or plus the minimum cash value or plus a modified cash value.