Description: This paper shows how actuarial pricing based on the mathematical concept of present value can be formulated and solved using Markov chains and an approach borrowed from engineering mathematics called ballistic control theory.

Description: The actuarial profession is faced with a problem of determining delta-ized reserves on a basis which will include appropriate provision for adverse deviations in mortality, lapses, interest rates, and expense rates. This paper describes briefly a method which could be used to solve this Followed by papers submitted by 2 authors problem in a flexible manner.

Description: An introduction to Hidden Markov Models, which are used extensively in speech and facial recognition technology. They are a useful tool in forecasting time series and in developing categorizations of data based on the values of the data themselves.

Description: This paper describes risk-factor-dependent multiple decrements and actuarial cost functions as a general compartment model, a discrete time and discrete state stochastic model of morbidity and mortality processes. For large numbers of risk factors, the model is extended to its natural continuous time and state form. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1991, Vol. 43.

Description: This paper endeavors to obtain the explicit formulas of the probability of ruin in a Markov-modulated model where claim intensities, claim sizes and premiums vary according to a Markovian environment.