Description: This paper discusses some powerful uses of recursive functions, including: 1. Universal life, both for the calculation of target premiums and reserves. 2. Paid-up Rider. Recursive functions can directly determine a premium that precisely matures the rider. 3. Traditional Whole Life. Reserves can be efficiently calculated when needed instead of referring to a table of stored factors. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1993, VOL. 3.

Description: In this article, we explore key insights from Oliver Wyman's 2020 Life PBR Emerging Practices Survey, which provides a broad industry perspective with more than 50 companies participating representing 95 percent of the individual life market (by written premium). Insights include the impact of PBR on reserves and profitability in addition to emerging practices related to product design, assumption development, and methodology decisions.

Description: 1992 SOA Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. This session on individual life product update addressed Whole Life, Variable Life, VUL, and Term Life. within these products the discussion covered trends in product design, lapsation, and market trends.

Description: 1988 Valuation Actuary Symposium. The speakers in this session addressed the relative volatility of participating whole life versus universal life and the annual-premium versus single- premium basis.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, A Present Value Approach to Profit Margins and Dividends by Harwood Rosser. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1951, Vol. 3, No. 7.

Description: Summary of recent changes to IRS Section 7702 Interest Rates, and how it will impact the design of life insurance products in the future.

Description: Report examining the lapse experience over the combined three-year period. Only non-pension whole life policies having fixed or indeterminate premiums, both continuous-pay and limited-pay, are included in this report.

Description: 1988 Valuation Actuary Symposium. In this session the speaker described the modeling of the participating whole life division including the product description, modelling assumptions, operation of the model, and the results.

Description: This article summarizes the key changes to VM-31 requirements in the 2020 version of the Valuation Manual for both life and variable annuities, and compares and contrasts the requirements for each. In addition, the article offers insights into common issues and recommendations for VM-31 reports from the viewpoints of a regulator, consultant, and company actuary.

Description: This panel discussion is about the viability of single premium annuities and single premium life insurance. Items discusses include product design, pricing and regulatory issues with the back drop of high inflation of the times.