Description: The insurance reserve for an individual contract can be pictured as a quantity which changes continuously from moment to moment in response to the forces of interest and mortality. A different mathematical model arises for each method of defining the death benefit, and in this paper a number of such mathematical models are analyzed. Followed by discussion papers submitted by several authors

Description: The life annuity mortality risk is the variation in actual financial experience of a group of annuitants from that expected, attributable to the mortality experience of the group. This paper investigated the mortality risk present in a single life annuity and determine the effect of age, sex, assumed interest rate, mortality table, and form of annuity on this risk. Then, it investigated the mortality risk in various portfolios of annuities. Followed by several discussion papers submitted

Description: This paper presents best upper and lower bounds on the expected value of an insurance payment under the terms of a contract written on a random loss with known moments. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1991, Vol. 43.

Description: This paper is concerned with the determination of credibility factors applicable to the estimation of the true claim level of a particular risk, based on both the actual observed claim experience of that risk and the expected claim level that would be predicted for the risk according to its exposure characteristics. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1969, Vol. 21, Pt. 1, No. 59 AB.

Description: In this paper a new method of adjusting probabilities of death for short age interval, based on the assumption of a modification in one of the forces of decrement, is developed.

Description: In this paper, the authors created a mathematical model which reflects typical relativities by age, duration of disablement, and deferment period for disability risk. The paper is followed by discussions submitted by various reviewers.

Description: A simplified model adapts very easily to simulation by a computer, and this is what the author has done with several selected pairs of probability distributions in order to calculate the probability of a casualty company's being ruined shortly after its establishment. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1969, Vol. 21, Pt. 1, No. 61.

Description: This discussion at an SOA 1968 Regional Meeting is about corporate planning and the actuary's role in the process.

Description: A presentation of a mathematics/statistics based approach for determining credibility factors for possible use in group health insurance premium rate setting and experience refund setting. Includes supporting mathematical proofs of approach. Followed by discussions submitted by several people

Description: This discussion at the SOA 1968 Philadelphia and Los Angeles Regional Meetings is about corporate planning and the actuary's role in the process.