Description: Voluntary health insurance coverage options are described including hospital indemnity, accident plans, disability insurance, and critical illness policies.

Description: Essay discussing cost, quality and access of healthcare and then describes the need for rationing.

Description: Mining Electronic Health Records using a Natural Language Processor.

Description: This presentation from Session 71PD of the SOA 1996 Colorado Springs Meeting discusses demutalization, mergers of health maintenance organizations [HMOs], and conversion from nonprofit to for-profit. It also addresses the question: How does an actuary value HMOs? From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 22, No. 2.

Description: When setting reserves, multiple methods are often used in the creation of the reserve estimate. Judgment is warranted to combine these different estimates into a final recommendation. This paper describes two techniques that can be used to combine these estimates that may result in better accuracy and lower variance.

Description: This work investigates the use of a statistical approach to calculate the incurred but not reported IBNR reserve directly. This allows for the reserve to be estimated in one step, without completion factors, and it provides a confidence interval around the estimate of IBNR as well.

Description: This discussion reviewed: A. Measures used by smaller companies to deal with below average policy persistency rates, B. The extent to which smaller companies issue policies with little to no retention for their own accounts, C. The extent to which new lines of insurance, such as accident and sickness, and changing distribution of business by line, plan, or age, have caused reconsideration of qualification bases for agency convention and honor awards.

Description: The scope of nontraditional marketing, as viewed by the Nontraditional Marketing Section of the Society, continues to expand. Originally, it encompassed direct response, credit insurance, and payroll deduction. Recent emphasis has added marketing through through financial institutionsand through pre-need funeral plans. This literature guide provides the user with a summary of representative sources for marketing and product development information.

Description: Presentation on estimating rates of early-onset Alzheimer's Disease. This document contains incident rates, critical illnese insurance information, adverse selection, and more.

Description: This discussion looks at the approach companies are taking in developing dividend scales for participating accident and health policies as well as arguments for and against grading accident and sickness premiums. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1959, Vol. 11, No. 31.