Description: Questions and answers related to the implementation of the 2012 Individual Annuity Reserving Table, including a projection scale example.

Description: A discussion of the development, key elements, applications, and implementation process of the 2001 CSO Tables for individual life insurance policies for computing minimum reserves, nonforfeiture benefits and tax reserves.

Description: This paper investigates the use of models of dependent mortality for determining annuity values. We discuss a broad class of parametric models using a bivariate survivorship function called a copula. Using data from a large insurance company to illustrate our methods, we calculate maximum likelihood estimates to calibrate the rnodel.

Description: A report on the results of the latest intercompany study of mortality experience under structured settlement annuities for the exposure years 2009-13.

Description: An experience study of individual payout annuities covering calendar years 2009 through 2013.

Description: An experience study of individual payout annuities covering calendar years 2009 through 2013

Description: This paper, presented by Gordon J. Munro at the Eastern Spring Meeting of the Society of Actuaries, held March 24-25, 1960 in Washington, D.C., determines monetary functions of group annuity mortality based on the Ga-1951 Male Table, projected to 1960 by Projection Scale C. Includes discussion and errata sheet. From 1960 Transactions Vol. 12, No. 33.

Description: In this paper, presented at the Eastern Spring Meeting of the Society of Actuaries, held March 24-25, 1960 in Washington, D.C., the author documents the determination of elementary functions and monetary values of the 1941 CSO Mortality Table on an age last birthday basis, noting that until this time the tables had been published only on the basis of age nearest birthday. The impetus of this change was the author’s company, Metropolitan Life, having recently started issuing ordinary life policies on an age last birthday basis, the rational being the use of age nearest birthday had led to policyholder confusion and misunderstanding. Includes discussion. From the 1960 Transactions Vol. 12, No. 33.

Description: Securitization of mortality risks is an alternative risk management tool that may have some advantages over reinsurance. The purpose of this paper is to study mortality-based securities, such as swaps and mortality bonds, and to price the proposed mortality securities. We focus on group life annuity data, although the techniques could be applied to other lines of annuity or life insurance.

Description: The values of life insurance and annuity liabilities move in opposite directions in response to a change in the underlying mortality. Natural hedging utilizes this to stabilize aggregate liability cash flows. Our study shows empirical evidence that insurers who utilize natural hedging also charge lower premiums than otherwise similar insurers. This indicates that insurers who are able to utilize natural hedging have a competitive advantage. In addition, we show how a mortality swap might be used to provide the benefits of natural hedging to a firm that writes only one of the lines of business.