Description: The excess spread approach introduced in this paper addresses the true economic profitability of investment oriented products by looking at the spread between the earnings rate on the assets and the rate required to be earned on the assets to satisfy the liabilities. For many products, an important part of the liability cost is the value of interest rate options embedded in the policies. The excess spread approach incorporates an option-pricing technique that is sufficiently flexible to handle different interest rate environments.

Description: This paper investigates how the concepts of asset-liability matching can be used to shape investment strategy. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1980, Vol. 32.

Description: This paper presents the probabilistic concepts underlying measurement of asset adequacy in a simplified way. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: In this paper, a general multivariate duration analysis is introduced that does not depend on a mathematical formulation of the way in which a yield curve moves. A discussion of the paper follows. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1991, Vol. 43.

Description: This paper applies the duality theory of linear programming to provide insights for generalizing and solving the cash-flow matching problem.

Description: This paper discusses extending the general nonparallel shift approach to duration analysis developed previously and explores the immunization model within the multivariate context. A discussion of the paper follows. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1991, Vol. 43.