Description: Essays advocating for incentive compensation linked to the level of risk in an organization.

Description: This paper introduces a rich stochastic modeling framework for understanding risks in multiple-decrement contracts. The example in the paper is a 20-year Term insurance contract. Not only are mortality and lapsation considered stochastic, but the parameters governing them are. For example, mortality risk is composed of four risk elements, including error generated in the underwriting process, volatility around the best estimate, catastrophic events that impact mortality, and the trend in mortality improvement or deterioration. When stochastically modeled, the relative contribution and risk profile of each risk element can be evaluated. Generating stochastic mortality results provides a distribution of results that an organization faces and the severity and incidence of the tail events.

Description: Essays advocating for incentive compensation linked to the level of risk in an organization.

Description: This article discusses pointing out flaws in Incentive Compensation program using short term financial metrics like Total Shareholder Return may miss non-short term financial risk and non-financial risks.

Description: The ORSA should be more than a compliance requirement -- its process should be an integral element of a company's governance and risk and strategic planning process used by both management and the board on a regular feedback loop basis. Similar to that used for ERM, it along with a carefully constructed set of metrics should serve as the springboard to be used to identify, control and mitigate short- and long-term risks, as well as to enable exploitation of opportunities to add shareholder and policyholder value. Risk can represent an opportunity from which insurers can leverage their knowledge and risk management capabilities to find and maintain a competitive edge. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"

Description: Some of the uncertainties related to catastrophe models are explored, leading to the suggestion that the actuary is well suited to understand and use these in the context of an ORSA exercise. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"

Description: Here are a few topics to be discussed in this article: Risk is opportunity; Strategic and business risks are not captured in models; Incentive compensation should not be paid too soon; Enterprise risk management is board responsibility, ERM is compliance.

Description: Article describing key steps to develop an incentive compensation plan that aligns to the company’s risk profile, mitigate excessive risk taking, retain talent and meet the disclosure requirements. The yearly development cycle includes develop the incentive compensation program, communicate and implement and assess the plan performance on both short and long term horizon.

Description: Description of considerations and perspectives to be taken into account by incentive compensation plans.

Description: The author recommends the use of "minimally destructive scenarios" as part of an ORSA process, in order to deal with cognitive bias that can occur in risk decision-making. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"