While European insurers are subject to Solvency II and some Asian insurers adopted IAIS ICS, Bermuda enhanced its BSCR capital framework on 3/31/2024 and Japan has customized IAIS ICS to create Economic Value-Based Solvency Ratio (“ESR”). ESR will replace the existing capital framework from 3/31/2026. The ESR implementation brings significant changes to life insurers in Japan as it did to European insurers at the time of the Solvency II implementation. This session will discuss the background of the ESR framework, under which Japanese life insurers will be subject to increased governance, supervision will be also enhanced, and provide key comparisons to IAIC ICS and BSCR. Panels will also discuss potential implications to business such as strategy, risk management, and reinsurance for the viewpoints of Japanese life insurer with US and/or Bermuda subsidiaries.