Description: The actuary’s key role in the ORSA process should be to quantify the uncertainty surrounding the future financial results of the firm. By providing relevant standardized reports that clarify the uncertainty in terms easily understood by all stakeholders, the actuary will provide an essential element in the ORSA process. The dictum, "You can't manage what you can't measure." demonstrates the need to quantify risk, not just describe it qualitatively. While the ability to provide firm estimates of aggregate risk for complex organizations may not exist currently, doing so should be a target for the profession. The end result will be to enhance the financial security of the insurance industry at a time when all financial institutions are facing stakeholders skeptical about their financial condition. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"

Description: This essay advocates for the consideration of risk in an interdisciplinary framework. An "effective resilience" metric is introduced as a way to reflect an organization's exposure and response to an adverse event, and to measure the ability of the organization to mitigate and recover from the resulting reduction in its operating level. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"

Description: Discusses the necessity and the difficulty to take management actions into account in ORSA (Own Risk and Solvency Assessment). If management actions were ignored, multi-period scenarios could be too artificial. On the other hand, it is of course very hard to predict management actions. We propose a certain number of characteristics that the ORSA should feature. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"

Description: The essay briefly discussed the impacts from implementing ORSA to the main stakeholders in the insurance industry. Those stakeholders include: insurers, regulators, policyholders, investors, rating agencies, insurance industry employees and general public. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"

Description: The Society of Actuaries Research Institute’s Aging and Retirement Strategic Research Program is pleased to release a collection of essays addressing the impact of inflation on retirement and retirement-related issues.

Description: This is a collection of essays from the Society of Actuaries Research Institute, focusing on the potential impact of AI on human longevity and its consequences for modeling future survival/mortality. It includes various essays discussing AI's role in mortality modeling, life expectancy, and implications for actuarial methods.

Description: This is a collection of essays from the Society of Actuaries Research Institute, focusing on the potential impact of AI on human longevity and its consequences for modeling future survival/mortality. It includes various essays discussing AI's role in mortality modeling, life expectancy, and implications for actuarial methods.

Description: This is one of eight essays from the collection: 2020 Living to 100 Essays.

Description: Individuals in retirement should pay all general living expenses from predictable income, and then all other expenses from the liquidation of the endowment.

Description: Retirement readiness planning is difficult because the value of a person's future Social Security benefits is uncertain, given the need for reform.