Description: While there are many issues in healthcare, the single most significant issue is cost, both in terms of the cost today and in terms of the growth in cost over the past several decades. We need to increase the ability of all citizens to purchase healthcare services or health insurance that in turn purchases healthcare services, and decrease the growth in the cost of healthcare.

Description: Essay reforming healthcare where participants have a vested interest in reaching the best answer.

Description: Medical insurance today is more like pre-paid medical payments. Medical insurance should be bought for protection, but rarely used, like auto insurance.

Description: This essay discusses the long overdue effciencies that would improve the quality of healthcare in the United States.

Description: Essay reforming management in health care, structure of reimbursement, program management, health information, measurement systems, etc.

Description: Discussant comments for the 2009 Housing Wealth monograph paper, “History of Mortgage Finance With an Emphasis on Mortgage Insurance.” The paper presents the history of mortgage guarantee insurance in the US beginning briefly with the history of banks and banking regulation and ending with implications for the future. The discussant finds the paper clearly written and that it would make a useful reference based on a reading of a preliminary draft.

Description: Chapter 4 states that greater male mortality is almost universal throughout the world, although the difference between male and female mortality varies from country to country and region to region. From Why Men Die Younger: Causes of Mortality Differences by Sex, M-LI01-1.

Description: This paper attempts to synthesize the evidence supporting and refuting the hypotheses for the sex mortality differential. From Why Men Die Younger: Causes of Mortality Differences by Sex: Abstract, M-LI01-1.

Description: This paper examines the impact at Harvard Pilgrim Health Care of the introduction of specialty networks, shift to mail-order prescriptions, shifts to generic prescriptions, and product mix shifts to overall pharmacy trend. From Prescription Drugs Monograph, M-HB04-1.