Description: This paper derives exact expressions for the ultimate ruin probability and establishes the effect of correlation on ruin probability using the Wiener-Hopf factorization.

Description: A commentary on whether or not the Illustrations Regulation has been successful.

Description: Discusses the current activities of the Life Liquidity Risk Working Group of the NAIC.

Description: Discusses legislation being proposed in various states that would apply to Small Face Amount Policies, SFAPs.

Description: A review of how credit life and disability insurance is used in conjuction with real estate loans.

Description: This article summarizes a recent session at an SOA meeting that presented tips on improving and speeding the product filing process.

Description: This paper applies the research in Prospect Theory of Kahneman and Tversky to explain why sales of annuities lag sales of life insurance products. The author theorizes that life insurance is easier to sell because customers perceive themselves to be in the domain of losses, while potential annuity customers perceive themselves to be in the domain of gains. Kahneman and Tversky showed us that people are mostly risk averse in the domain of gains and risk seeking in the domain of losses. Purchase of an annuity or life product is a risky investment. Customers will find it easier to take the risk in the life insurance domain of losses than the annuity domain of gains. The author then proposes a hybrid life annuity product that might address both mortality and longevity risk in one product that would allow both products to be more competitive than stand-alone products.

Description: This article helps companies better understand the currently proposed upcoming VM-22 regulation by comparing the VM-22 measurement model to LDTI MRBs. The article highlights key considerations as companies plan for adoption of these two measurement models. These considerations should help inform a company’s strategy related to the business impacted by these standards.

Description: This article is historical in nature and explores the impacts of traditional life insurance products offering cash surrender values. This article intended to show that by offering cash surrender value, insurance companies became less exposed to the risk of mis-estimated lapse assumptions. This article presents an illustrative case study to highlight this dynamic. This article also explores the issues with traditional life insurance products that arose in the 1970s and 1980 and led to the introduction of Universal Life in the U.S.

Description: This article reviews the definition of “cash surrender value” in section 7702f2A and in the regulations proposed under that provision but never finalized. The discussion then recaps the 2005 Rulings and describes the recently issued letter rulings.