Description: This is a report on Phase 2 of a research project on the role of automated systems in life insurance underwriting. This paper discusses: 1. How and why companies are using automation to make underwriting decisions. 2. Its impact upon operational efficiency, sales, and retention. 3. The quality of risk selection produced by automated systems. 4. Cultural acceptance of increased automation in underwriting. 5. Challenges insurers must overcome to implement and maintain automated underwriting.

Description: This paper is an introduction to AI technology designed for actuaries to understand how the technology works, the potential risks it could introduce, and how to mitigate risks.

Description: The purpose of this report is to start an informed debate on the issues surrounding the treatment of diversification in the solvency assessment of insurers. The members of the Chief Risk Officer Forum herein suggest a framework for how diversification should be treated within a prudential regulatory framework.

Description: These assumption tables provide the range and cumulative values used in the Relative Risk Tool in the calculation of Relative Risk scores and Prevalence values.

Description: This essay collection examines how changing family dynamics shape retirement security, offering insights on demographic trends, policy design, and actuarial strategy—because retirement is the ultimate family affair.

Description: Artificial intelligence (“AI”) adoption in the insurance industry is increasing. One known risk as adoption of AI increases is the potential for unfair bias. Central to understanding where and how unfair bias may occur in AI systems is defining what unfair bias means and what constitutes fairness.

Description: This paper provides a new insight to the previous work of Briys and de Varenne [1994], Grosen and Jørgensen [2002] and Chen and Suchanecki [2007]. It shows that if an insurance company follows a risk management strategy, it can significantly change the risk exposure of the company, and that it should thus be taken into account by the regulators.

Description: The global doubling of information content has been estimated to occur at a rate of every 12 hours, and conceivably faster. This ‘infowhelm’ is a double-edged sword for insurers. While maximization of the global knowledge base can fuel innovation, it can occur only in the context of reasonable cost for a higher benefit. The insurance industry – underwriters and actuaries in particular – are challenged to constantly examine new innovations that promise to raise confidence and protective value for insurability, within legal limits. This report aims to be the first of several to alert the SOA of promising innovations for the profession.

Description: This document explores how climate change impacts retirement planning, investments, housing, and health across policy and economic dimensions through essays and funded research.

Description: View the Avoiding Unfair Bias in Insurance Applications of AI Models - Chinese