Description: Heatmaps are an effective tool for visualizing changes in cancer incidences over time in large datasets. They can show the impact of screening measures, particularly when targeting specific age groups, and reveal characteristics of individual cohorts.

Description: When designing and pricing a healthcare product, it is not only important to know how to model frequency and severity, but it is essential to understand human behavior. Of course, the issue of anti-selection in medical insurance is well known as individuals know more about their health and prior expenditures than an insurer does. This type of behavior is certainly rational, and to be expected.