Estimating premium deficiency reserves (PDR) for medical insurance and other short-duration health products is an area that not only requires application of actuarial judgment, but also alignment between actuaries, accountants, and regulators. Significant diversity of practice exists across the industry on a number of key issues, among them: how to group products for PDR measurement purposes; which future premium & claim cash flows to include (time horizon); forecasting future membership change; which administrative expenses to include; and how to think about investment income. In many cases, practices that are common in the actuarial community may be met with skepticism by auditors and/or regulators, and vice versa. This session will showcase the existing diversity of practice observed in both U.S. GAAP and U.S. Statutory PDR estimation, articulating multiple points of view on the issues noted above with a focus on finding common ground between actuaries and accountants.