Description: PBMs are positioned in the healthcare delivery system as the only entity that is not regulated for profitability. The Commercial Fully Insured Health Insurance Plans are heavily regulated by the State Insurance Commissioner who allows only 2%-3% profit margin. The self-funded Health Plans are regulated by ERISA fiduciary responsibility that prohibits excessive compensation. PBMs are classed as a service provider and are not regulated by either. This allows PBMs to implement large, unreasonable mark ups for profit. PBMs are massive commercial entities, states are trying to sue under antitrust law. PBMs found a sweet spot in the regulation. Large Insurance Carries understood that and either acquired large PBMs or merged with them. It is likely that a combination of measures will be needed to regulate PBMs. The most direct approach would be for Congress to pass a law establishing PBM as a fiduciary under ERISA just like an “investment advisor” providing advice for a fee. Establishing PBM as a fiduciary will help Courts and other Federal Agencies ensure that PBMs do not unfairly retain rebates and inflate the prices of Rx drugs sold to employer health plans, and the US population in general.

Description: This is Part 2 of 2 on changes affecting Medigap insurers. It focuses on marketing and regulatory differences between Medigap and Medicare Advantage that affect the competitiveness of Medigap plans.

Description: Actuaries have the business acumen, problem-solving capabilities, and technical skills to develop innovative and data-driven solutions in the social insurance space. It is time we expand our scope and embrace an increased role in making a positive impact within the health care ecosystem. The primary focus of this paper is on social insurance programs dedicated to the most vulnerable population: low-income families accessing care through Medicaid. While there are numerous challenges that require other subject matter experts to take the lead, this article highlights topics where actuaries can be key players in developing and implementing tangible solutions to improve the care for the most vulnerable. Issues and solutions in this paper focus on the following three areas: 1. Access to appropriate care, 2. continuity of care, and 3. social determinants of health.

Description: What are Biosimilar drugs? Are they the same as generic drugs? What potential impact might Biosimilars have in the United States prescription drug landscape and it’s economics? This article explores those questions as well as exclusivity and interchangeability.

Description: When designing and pricing a healthcare product, it is not only important to know how to model frequency and severity, but it is essential to understand human behavior. Of course, the issue of anti-selection in medical insurance is well known as individuals know more about their health and prior expenditures than an insurer does. This type of behavior is certainly rational, and to be expected.

Description: State Medicaid agencies have been implementing value-based payment (VBP) models for the last decade and are increasingly exploring advanced population-based payment (PBP) models that increase flexibility, predictability, and accountability for participating provider organizations. PBP models show promise in advancing Medicaid priorities, but are still in the early stages of development, and model design and implementation challenges remain. This article from the Center for Health Care Strategies explores the fundamentals of VBP and how PBP - a particular type of payment model - can help Medicaid agencies achieve goals related to care transformation and quality improvement, revenue stability, and controlling cost of care.

Description: This article attempts to make a modest contribution to the dialogue on the potential and risks associated with novel treatments such as cell & gene therapies. With a fast-expanding roster of what are believed to be one-time treatments at ever increasing price points aimed at curing a wider swatch of the population, they are as much a source of relief for patients stuck in medical limbo, as they are a source of anxiety for payers.

Description: How to effectively retain top talent is a challenge that all employers face and an area in which employee benefits have been playing an increasingly important role. Traditionally, the market has been very competitive, with generic products mainly focused on outpatient and inpatient medical reimbursement, Term Life cover and accidental benefits. For large multinationals, employee benefits are often tailor-made solutions arranged via international brokers whereas small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are more likely to utilize standard packages offered by insurance companies via agents. This article explores the evolution of employee benefits in Asia.