Description: The paper o ers a simple framework for ranking the common reinsurance struc- tures in practice with the theory of stochastic orders. The basic idea is to slice the space of reinsurance structures into groups by expected loss cost to facilitate the comparisons within the group and between groups. Given the standard risk aversion assumption in economics, a spectrum of reinsurance structures with the same expected loss cost can be compared analytically with one another and sequenced based on their risk coverages under the convex order. The paper then expands the dimension of the comparison to groups of reinsurance structures with di erent expected loss costs, which can be ranked under the increasing convex order and the usual stochastic order. As such, the paper maps out the ordering for the entire space of reinsurance structures and presents it in a ma- trix format for quick reference. The implication

Description: We employ a framework for the classification of mortality evolution patterns to HMD data. We find both supra-regional patterns and outliers from global trends.

Description: This paper defines Distributable Earnings as the generalized pricing and valuation framework for financial contracts containing the requirement to hold capital or reserves in support of the obligations. It examines the Market Value paradigm and its foundation arising from the pricing of fixed income securities. It reconciles these two methods, showing that market value methods ignore mandatory capital and reserve requirements, which carry both risk and cost. The paper makes the case for the Distributable Earnings framework, not Market Value, as the true basis for economic value for these financial contracts. Finally, it concludes that this framework must be employed in risk-management processes, else fail to recognize a significant source of risk.

Description: Paper examines some of the current difficulties faced by defined benefit plans, and poses some solutions. From The Future of Pension Plan Funding and Disclosure Monograph, M-RS05-1.

Description: The purpose of this SOA-sponsored research was to assemble and analyze a limited large claims database which may serve as a model for expanded inter-company studies of health care benefits in the future. From Group Medical Insurance Large Claims Database Collection and Analysis, M-HB97-1.

Description: An observation is made regarding the impact interest rate scenarios have on VM-20 stochastic reserves.

Description: Chairperson's thoughts on the evolving nature of actuarial modeling, and results of a survey.

Description: Comparison of open code and closed code actuarial modeling systems, focusing on advantages and disadvantages of each group.

Description: Feature article discussing the use of Bayesian Networks as predictive modeling tools.

Description: In the course of consulting engagements, actuaries almost always find they need one or more of the following resources: -Healthcare data, which may be at the individual patient level or on a particular population. -Health services research studies which describe, summarize, try to alter, or predict patients’ use of health resources. -Health policy information, which describe public or private actions which affect the access, cost and quality of medical care. This document describes the ever-changing resources and specifies where they may be obtained.