Description: This is the author's reply to Dr. Kingkade's discussion of the referenced paper. The author supplies written citations to old age and indicates he does not believe in any fixed limit to the human lifespan.

Description: This paper addresses issues and techniques for advanced age mortality study using data mining techniques, a new technology on the horizon with great actuarial potential. Seven factors were considered in this study, the influences of these factors on advanced-age mortality distribution were identified and models were derived for projecting advanced age mortality.

Description: Using Taiwan Complete Life Tables as the data source, a model is developed using reliability theory and the results of the proposed model are compared to Gompertz’s law.

Description: This paper discusses two modifications of the Makeham Law of Mortality and their effectiveness in showing the mortality patterns for the 1993 Philippine Intercompany Mortality PICM Table. From 2005 Living to 100 and Beyond Monograph, M-LI05-1.

Description: Expert discussion of two previously presented papers: Trajectories of Disability and Mortality among the U.S. Elderly Population: Evidence from the 1984-1999 NLTCS Stallard and The Interdependency of Increasing Life Expectancy and Driving Life Expectancy of Elderly Populations Leng and Wen. From 2005 Living to 100 and Beyond Monograph, M-LI05-1.

Description: This paper evaluates the quality of International Database on Longevity IDL data according to several criteria, such as the country of residence or the validation process undertaken, and then provides an estimation of the mortality trajectory up to age 114. From 2005 Living to 100 and Beyond Monograph, M-LI05-1.

Description: Mortality in general, and especially amongst the oldest old, is known to be partially shaped by seasons: winter is classically characterized by excess mortality. We therefore put forward the use of season-related life tables to study the mortality trajectories of the oldest old. This approach can be used to explore the plasticity of longevity, by opposing winter and summer trajectories. Furthermore, summerrelated life tables summarize the best conditions of mortality, i.e., the lowest values and the least fluctuating pattern. Results are presented for Switzerland, where season-related life tables have been computed until age 110.

Description: Paper examines the existence of select birth cohorts of unusually high longevity improvement, their geographic locations, and their effect on retirement annuities. From 2005 Living to 100 and Beyond Monograph, M-LI05-1.

Description: This paper examines past mortality trends in Canada and discusses how these trends may change over the next 75 years, thus influencing the growth of the elderly population. In addition, this paper describes the methods and assumptions used to project future mortality rates in Canada, and the results include assumed annual rates of mortality improvement and projected life expectancies. As well, this paper discusses stochastic time-series methods that are used to help quantify the variability in the mortality rate projections.

Description: This paper examines past mortality trends and discusses how these trends may change over the next 75 years, thus influencing the growth of the elderly population. In addition, this paper describes the methods and assumptions used to project future mortality rates and presents results, including assumed annual rates of mortality reduction and projected life expectancies. As well, this paper discusses stochastic time-series methods that are used to help quantify the variability in the mortality rate projections.