Description: This is an article that highlights an alternative method for determining the impact of a change in interest rates on the factor which converts a life annuity to a 100% joint and survivor annuity. It also discusses the factors for early retirement and deferred retirement.

Description: This article describes the Joint and Survivor Factor. In defined benefit plans, ERISA requires that the normal form of the pension must be on a qualified joint and survivor basis. If the plan defines the pension in terms of a lifetime pension to the participant only, the lifetime pension must be multiplied by the joint and survivor factor. This article shows what happens to the factor as the interest rate increases.

Description: This article discusses the risk-sharing arrangements provided by a number of different types of hybrid pensions, focusing on hybrid designs in the United States, Canada and the Netherlands, with particular emphasis on the New Brunswick (Canada) shared risk plan.

Description: This article discusses the results of a study sponsored by the Society of Actuaries which demonstrated the different accrual patterns between cash balance and traditional pension plans. From: The Actuary, September 1999 – volume 33 - Issue 7.

Description: This article is about structuring participating group annuities to guarantee permanent security to participants of defined benefit plans. From The Actuary Vol. 26, No. 8

Description: The article explores options for defined-benefit retirement plan sponsors to transfer pension risk, focusing on recent trends in the United Kingdom.

Description: This article discusses how a new tax law in 1997 helps promote defined benefit [DB] plans as compared to defined contribution plans and offers additional ideas to encourage DB plans.