Description: This session at the SOA 1990 Hartford Spring Meeting is about the various factors to be considered in determining the interest margins for interest-sensitive life insurance, annuities and GICs, i.e. the difference in earned and credited rates including practical considerations. Valuing embedded options in assets and liabilities is also discussed.

Description: Life and annuity markets around the world have seen increasingly complex investment-combined products, including universal life, fixed indexed annuities, variable annuities with a wide variety of guaranteed benefits and indexed variable annuities. Insurance companies are facing unprecedented exposure to financial risks in addition to traditional mortality and longevity risks. The risk assessment and modeling for such complex designs by conventional methods often focus heavily on their market competitiveness and profitability. However, there seems to be a lack of quantifiable and systematic approaches to assess investment risks associated with investment combined products. The objective of the proposed work is to develop a framework for quantifying and analyzing various forms of contractual designs and showcase different techniques to assess the trade-off between competitive contractual designs and their practical implications regarding the difficulty of risk management.

Description: Life and annuity markets around the world have seen increasingly complex investment-combined products, including universal life, fixed indexed annuities, variable annuities with a wide variety of guaranteed benefits, indexed variable annuities, etc. Insurance companies are facing unprecedented exposure to financial risks in addition to traditional mortality and longevity risks. The risk assessment and modeling for such complex designs by conventional methods often focus heavily on their market competitiveness and profitability. However, there seems to be a lack of quantifiable and systematic approach to assess investment risks associated with investment combined products. The objective of the proposed work is to develop a framework for quantifying and analyzing various forms of contractual designs and showcase different techniques to assess the trade-off between competitive contractual designs and their practical implications with regard to the difficulty of risk management.

Description: The aim of this paper is to examine relationships, analogous to that of premiums and reserves, for the case of a general insurance with benefits payable in respect to several forms of decrement. Specifically, this paper presents a system of splitting the total premiums and reserves into components related to the different benefits, with formulas distinguished between dependent and independent relationships between premium and reserve components. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: This session 68 TS of the New Orleans Annual Meeting discusses profit measures such as profit margin, statutory return on investment ROI, and return on equity ROE have been used to make decisions concerning new products. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Volume 27, No. 3, Session 68TS.

Description: This session at the SOA 2001 Toronto Spring Meeting offers an overview of stochastic pricing including stochastic variables, equity market models, interest rate models and policyholder behavior. An example is given using a variable annuity product.

Description: The objective of this presentation was to evaluate the different pricing techniques as to their effectiveness in capturing and quantifying the varied risks associated with the sale and administration of life insurance and annuity products. The results of a 2002 company survey about pricing were presented in support of this objective.

Description: In this session from the 1995 Spring Meeting, panelists will discuss the structure, cost, and reserving practices of variable annuity guaranteed minimum death benefits. They also identify and meaure the risks associated with GMDBs. It From Record of Society of Actuaries Vol. 21, No. 1.

Description: This paper develops pricing theory for single premium immediate annuities using Anderson's present value of book profits method. A discussion of the paper follows regarding particpating single premium immediate annuities. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1979, Vol. 31.

Description: This paper investigates a technique for developing investment assumptions for pricing that are consistent with the investment practices of the company for use in the pricing of single premium immediate annuities. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1979, Vol. 31.