Description: Discusses the extent to which various influences are reflected in premiums, dividends and settlement options: improved mortality, interest rate trends, federal taxes, agent compensation and increasing expenses.

Description: This is a discussion from the Dallas Regional Meeting 1961 covering: 1. The extent to which reductions in whole life and term insurance premium rates are due to better mortality, lower expense, higher interest earnings and reduction in company profit margins 2. Graded premium scales issues 3. FIT assumptions.

Description: These are responses to Richard Ziock's work, Gross Premiums for Term Insurance with Varying Benefits and Premiums.

Description: Discusses considerations in preparing rate books and policy forms based on the 1958 CSO Table, the advantages and disadvantages of early adoption of premium rates and values based on the 1958 CSO, and premium structures - banding, policy fees, etc.

Description: This discussion is about the new procedures that are being used or are contemplated in the preparation of new rate books and policy forms with reserves and cash values computed under the 1958 CSO Table.

Description: Gross premium calculation methods may be arbitrarily separated into: a- Type 1 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the denominator and b- Type 2 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the numerator. The traditional Type 1 methods directly calculate the gross premium. The purpose of this paper is: 1. to present a Type 1 method of gross premium calculation which does the following: a Incorporates the cost of reinsurance into the gross premium calculation and may be shown as a level annual cost over the gross premium calculation period. b Calculates the effect on profit margins of a change in the retention limit without redoing the original calculation. c Calculates the premiums needed to break even e.g., amortize the initial investment in surplus at the end of each policy year as a by-product. d Calculates the profit or loss generated in each policy year or over any number of policy years for any gross premium without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. e Directly solves for the gross premium that will produce any specified profit over any number of policy years without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. f Directly solves for the premium that will produce a specified yield on surplus invested in new business by a flexible technique not first involving the use of the renewal net premium or any other preliminary gross premium. 2. to provide a mathematical definition of a financially meaningful average policy size which recognizes the cost of reinsurance. 3. to provide for mathematical definitions of common measures of profit, and the mathematical relationships between them. 4. To establish formulas expressing the effect of changes in various assumptions used in the gross premium calculation as a lev

Description: This paper outlines the limitations inherent in current actuarial pricing techniques and describes a macro pricing process for product development that can produce optimal decisions in competitive environments. A discussion of the paper follows. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1991, Vol. 43.

Description: In this paper a model of term insurance experience is constructed on the basis of mortality classes theory and utility theory. The model generates a complete set of mortality, withdrawal, and conversion rates on term insurance and of mortality rates on converted policies . The resulting decrement rates can be used in a Jenkins-type formula to calculate gross premiums.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, A General Method of Calculating Experience Net Extra Premiums Based on the Standard Net Amount at Risk by Walter Shur.

Description: This paper deals primarily with the actuarial aspects of a life insurance product providing complete flexibility in the pattern of premium payments- and benefits. This paper presented a framework around which a policy of the life-cycle family can be built. Discussion includes description of how the product might work, given the legal and operational constraints at the time. Also discussion of how compliance with the Standard Valuation Law and Standard Non forfeiture laws would be achieved. Followed by submitted discussions of the paper by various people