Description: From the 1985 Valuation Actuary Symposium. A discussion of the principles that should be part of a life insurance valuation. Also discussion of emerging actuarial professional standards of practice and regulatory requirements with respect to methodology for assessing reserve adequacy.

Description: The Actuary Vol. 22 , No. 7. This articles explores the dangers posed by many guaranteed-return life insurance and annuity products.

Description: This panel discussion focuses on valuation and nonforfeiture developments. Topics covered include purpose of Society's Committee on Valuation and Related Problems, current valuation regulatory developments, industry studies in the United States, report of the Society's Special Committee on Nonforfeiture Laws, annuity nonforfeiture values, and sex-distinct mortality tables for valuation and nonforfeiture purposes.

Description: Discussion papers on a paper dealing with minimum statutory nonforfeiture values for retirement annuity contracts.

Description: This literature guide provides a basic grounding in policyholder dividends and other nonguaranteed elements in individual life insurance and annuities in Canada and the U.S. Participating insurance is most often offered by mutuals in the U.S. and by both mutual and stock companies in Canada.

Description: 2003 Valuation Actuary Symposium, San Diego, CA. This session provided an update on the current status of the actuarial guidelines on VA death and living benefits, the Academy's work on a non-formulaic, RBC standard and GAAP developments.

Description: From the 1986 Valuation Actuary Symposium, held in Washington DC in October 1986 A summary of the history, current, and anticipated direction of future regulatory requirements applicable to the role and methodologies of the Valuation Actuary in the USA and Canada.

Description: This 1977 panel discussion focused on the implications of proposed revisions of the standard valuation and nonforfeiture laws. Areas discussed included: 1. A regulator's perspective 2. Applications to Life and Annuities 3. applications to Pensions

Description: Update on statutory Valuation reserves and required surplus for variable annuities with living benefit guarantees

Description: Increased attention was paid to regulatory capital with the global financial crisis in 2008. Whilst companies may not have the incentives to retain a large amount of capital in the absence of regulatory capital requirements, overcapitalized entities can have drawback such as its impact on competitiveness. There are other weaknesses in the regulatory capital model such as its limitation in facilitating risk-based decisions as regulatory capital does not necessarily reflect the economic reality and risks an entity faces. Nonetheless, there are ways for regulators and/or companies to handle the weaknesses in the regulatory capital model. For instance, granularity can be introduced in determining regulatory capital. Economic capital can be used to encourage entities to implement risk management controls and facilitate risk-based business decisions (e.g., risk-adjusted performance assessment and risk-based capital allocation). Ultimately, hav ing effective risk management and risk-based capital determination are ways to prevent company failures and bankruptcies.