Description: This is a proof on Lidstone's theorem. It contains formulas for calculating policy dividends.

Description: In this paper, chapter III of the 1987 Valuation Actuary Handbook, the authors discuss building a liability model to evaluate the C-3 risk. The article discusses the data and assumptions needed, and the importance of sensitivity testing given that the model results are very sensitive to the assumptions used.

Description: Chairperson’s column discussing the state of the world today and how that influences investment strategies and describes to seminars the section sponsored to keep members apprised of changes.

Description: Is Risk/Return a sound tool for decision-making? No. It is not consistent, not objective, distorts decision and degrades governance. Why? What shall we do then?

Description: Article Society Seminars by Adams in The Actuary, February 1979, Volume 13, Number 2

Description: Calculating the risk adjustment confidence level disclosure required by IFRS 17 if the risk adjustment itself is calculated using a cost of capital approach

Description: This paper was published as chapter II of the 1987 Valuation Actuary Handbook. The authors discuss basic tools for analyzing cash flows, including duration, scenario testing and accumulation vs. present value approach. Discounting of cash flows is discussed including the limitations of using a level interest rate. The final section discusses discounting of interest sensitive cash flows, including a discussion of the disadvantages and advantages of duration analysis. The paper concludes that “duration analysis cannot replace traditional simulations analysis but should be seen by the valuation actuary as a valuable adjunct.”

Description: This material, Appendix II of the 1987 Valuation Actuary Handbook, is an appendix to Chapter II of the Handbook, ‘Methods of Analyzing cash Flows to Test for Reserve Adequacy.’ In this appendix, the authors provide more detail on what they call cash-flow based surplus, and how this concept can be used. It is defined as the amount of cash that could be removed and leave assets sufficient to mature all benefits on a true economic basis, i.e. ignoring statutory accounting requirements, under an assumed interest rate and experience scenario.

Description: Social security systems around the world have suffered from inadequate funding, leading to current or potential deficits and ultimate insolvency. This article discusses that this problem is a direct actuarial consequence of the inadequate funding that created the problem in the first place. It is simply an open group valuation problem.

Description: This paper discusses a model that is used for the loss process, ratemaking problem and risk classification.