Description: This article discusses two sets of blended by sex 1980 CSO mortality tables for use in determining minimum cash values and nonforfeiture benefits for life insurance policies issued in employee benefit plans which, because of the Norris decision, must provide equal benefits to men and women.

Description: A Discussion of why female mortality is higher than male mortality at higher ages.

Description: This is an article about single women and marketing to them.

Description: This article contains responses from five actuaries to a request for an explanation of how the 15% figure is calculated in the contention by unisex-pricing advocates that 15% of women live longer than men, but 100% of women are penalized.

Description: This edition focuses on three reports from the Society of Actuaries Research Institute by Anna Rappaport, along with comments from various contributors and responses to these comments by Anna. The reports and accompanying discussions highlight key findings on the post-retirement period and post-retirement risks.

Description: Discussion of the need to understand the implications of demographic and family diversity for the design of retirement programs. The design of retirement programs is a design of programs for the elderly, who are more often women, because women live longer and because their work histories often lead to reduced levels of pension and social security benefits.

Description: This article is a discussion of a study released in June 1976 by the New York Insurance Department, entitled “Disability Income Insurance – Cost Differentials between Men and Women.” The author of this article notes that “due to charges by various groups of discrimination in the underwriting and establishing of premium rates for individual disability income insurance, the results of this study have been eagerly awaited by many segments of the insurance industry. Fears of substantiating uni-sex rates were unfounded as the results of the study generally conformed to those of the Society of Actuaries which the industry has relied on to a great extent in the past.”

Description: This article, by the President of the Faculty of Actuaries, gives the author's impressions of the Society of Actuaries April 1983 meeting held in Philadelphia. His comments focus on gender discrimination in insurance and pension plans, and the existence of a Futurism Section in the Society.

Description: The first objective is to highlight the key trends and projections that describe the magnitude and scope of the aging world in the 21st century. The second is to identify some of the key issues that countries in the developed and developing world will have to face as a consequence of population aging. The third objective is to emphasize the triumph and opportunities of an aging world, providing a counterpoint to the prevailing notion that the aging of societies is a catastrophe, leading only to undue burden on future generations.

Description: In authorizing blended 1980 CSO mortality tables to compute minimum nonforfeiture values under Norris-affected policies, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners noted that no change was being made with respect to using separate male and female tables for minimum valuation reserves. The purpose of this article is to call attention to how blended cash values relate to reserves.