Description: This is a review of literature about the development and application of medical risk adjustment models. The current Medicare model, principal inpatient diagnosis cost group [PIPDCG] and proposed enhancements are the subject of many articles. Risk adjustment is used for both provider payment and performance measurement.

Description: Commentary on practical observations resulting from constructing and running Economic Capital models. Possible standardization of assumptions and result interpretation are morphing even though use of E.C. models has now been around for years.

Description: This 1977 report provided morbidity experience under individual health policies in force during the 1973 and 1974 calendar years.

Description: Commentary on practical observations resulting from constructing and running Economic Capital models. Possible standardization of assumptions and result interpretation are morphing even though use of E.C. models has now been around for years.

Description: Economic risk analysis has two dimensions: time and frequency. Asset return varies by time because of economic cycles and economic structural changes. Risk is higher during economic recessions and smaller during economic expansions. In addition, different economic structures may exist at different time scales. Risk measures calculated based on daily, weekly, monthly and yearly historical data can be very different. The appropriate frequency depends on the time horizon of the analysis. Therefore, it is important to measure economic risk at both the time level and the frequency level. However, time series analysis and statistical analysis that have been widely adopted in economic risk analysis focus on only one of the two dimensions. In this paper, wavelet models are used to enhance both time‐invariant analysis and time‐variant analysis. Wavelet models can systematically analyze risk by time and frequency and provide richer information than time series models. Using wavelet models, risk measurement can easily be adjusted based on time horizon in a consistent way. Equity VaR estimation is selected to demonstrate the application of wavelet analysis in risk management.

Description: The intent of this paper is to examine the sources of risk in defined benefit pension plans to determine the extent to which the principles of financial economics can be applied to provide new methods for measuring the cost and value of such plans. From Current Pension Actuarial Practice in Light of Financial Economics Symposium, M-RS04-1.

Description: Attendees at session 41 OF of the 2004 Valuation Actuary Symposium are encouraged to send in their hot button issues, as panelists will offer their perspective and encourage participation.

Description: Enterprise risk management ERM is for the measurement and the management of all significant risks of the business holistically irrespective of types and sources. The study offers significant advances in the current debate on the performance of enterprise risk management, in particular, minimizing the existing gap between the academic understanding and practitioners’ experience on the topic.

Description: Pricing is a central activity of actuaries to assure solvency and to manage risk. Life insurance is also a social good, not just a product, and the US population is massively underinsured. Pricing must strike a balance. Unlike a simple 4x4 matrix to produce pricing, today's technology offers the ability to evaluate literally thousands of variables, enabling a kind of precision pricing. It also heightens the possibility of introducing bias and discrimination through the use of unregulated third-party data.

Description: In recent years, insurers have focused attention on the implementation of economic capital frameworks as part of risk management. Due to the diversity of products in an organization’s portfolio, its overall risk profile is comprised of different risk categories. The general framework used by an organization for economic capital purposes is to determine its exposure to each risk independently, then aggregate them to produce an overall risk profile. This is a study of aggregation techniques in use.