Description: This paper restates formulae from three textbooks for the Society of Actuaries Course 161 examination which do not use the same set of notation into a common notation. From the Actuarial Research Clearing House 1989, Vol. 2. From the Actuarial Research Clearing House ARCH 1989 Vol. 2.

Description: New products should address having acceptable carrier risks and at the same time enhance the product’s value to consumers to pave the way for broader acceptance.

Description: The topic of social and demographic changes has been included in the Emerging Issues Advisory Committee's screening because changes in demographics and social norms can directly impact products offered and how they are distributed by the life insurance industry. Also, changes in demographics can impact pricing and underwriting refinements within the industry. This article focuses on mortality from obesity and on mortality of the older population.

Description: Excellent big picture view for planning a social insurance system with pay-as-you-go, required self-funded, and voluntary plans.

Description: This article contains reviews of the following books published in 1992 and 1993: 1. 'Demography and Retirement' by Anna M. Rappaport and Sylvester J. Schieber, 2. 'Health Insurance Answer Book' by John D. Reynolds and Robin N. Bischoff and 'Health Insurance Answer Book, 1993 Cumulative Supplement' by Thomas A. Darold, and 3. 'Value of Pensions in Divorce' by Marvin Snyder. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1993, Vol. 45.

Description: Part One of a three part discussion of A Social Security System for the 21st Century, this part focuses the broader international, social, political, cultural and economic trends that will govern the viability and sustainability of a social security system in the 21st century.

Description: This article is a review of “1972 Lifetime Earnings by Age, Sex, Race, and Education Level, Research and Statistics Note No. 14-1975,” published by the Social Security Administration, which presents detailed data by quinquennial age groups, sex, race, and years of school completed as to the present value of future earnings based on static earnings levels 1972. It is stated that such data can be used for general analytical purposes to form policy, for court determinations of awards in damage suits, and for cost-benefit analysts in such areas as disease prevention and education programs. The author of this article notes in his analysis the inconsistency of the static salary assumptions with a range of interest rates from 2% to 8%.

Description: The article is an overview of the life insurance business in the Middle-East. It presents the history and culture of the region and the impact on shaping the life insurance products. The article then presents surrounding economic, political and demographic environment as well as business challenges and opportunities. Finally, the article presents the market position on the digital transformation.

Description: This article identifies why insurance innovations take so much effort and digs deeper into the underlying causes. It shows and explains the importance of taking an efficient, tactical, and intentional approach when innovating to avoid over-building and over-investing.

Description: This article provides a perspective on the SOA’s Aging and Retirement research reports, and on the types of research that are included. The SOA does a lot of research on different retirement topics, and many people are not aware of the scope of this work. This article offers an overview of the big picture as we think about the future. The article describes longer-term challenges to the US retirement system and recent developments that have affected the system and created uncertainty. It provides an overview of what individuals have said about retirement and their view of post-retirement risks and planning in a variety of consumer research studies. It then reviews some of the research and provides information on summary reports which provide insight on the findings from multiple related research reports. It also provides information about consumer education and what is currently available and in process. It then focuses on how the SOA is helping retirement professionals understand current and expected change and discusses areas of uncertainty as we help those we serve deal with change.