Description: Social security systems around the world have suffered from inadequate funding, leading to current or potential deficits and ultimate insolvency. This article discusses that this problem is a direct actuarial consequence of the inadequate funding that created the problem in the first place. It is simply an open group valuation problem.

Description: The author suggests that the optimal use of capital requires one to find a way to strike a balance between the conflicting desires for maximizing long term profit and minimizing short term loss.

Description: The author describes immunization with a simple illustration requiring only high school algebra rather than the ordinary and stochastic calculus that has been applied to this subject. It illustrates that if you have three invesmtents with different durations, we can take some combination of any two of them to get the same duration as the third.

Description: At our Houston meeting PD l, Donald D. Hester, Professor of Economics at University of Wisconsin, outlined a novel investment system aimed at protecting purchasing power of the lender’s funds from inflation’s ravages. This article is summary of that presentation.

Description: Discusses the drawbacks of using adjusted book value instead of market value for the valuation of common stocks in a non-insured pension plan.

Description: The final actuarial work of the renowned Briton, Frank Redington. was a series of essays called “The Flock and the Sheep.” They were reviewed here some months ago by Kenneth Stewart. These articles describe what could be characterized as the problem of incidence of earnings on investments inequities. While equities produce the greatest returns over a long time, they tend to have lower returns than debt for the first years of the investment.

Description: In this article the author uses the backdrop of the Isner/Mahut 2010 Wimbeldon match that lasted an unlikely 183 games to discuss several diverse areas that provide opportunity for risk management.

Description: Discusses determining the internal rate of return on short sales of investments.

Description: The authors explore major points of the exposure draft (ED) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). At the same time, they explain the differences between the FASB ED and the ED published nearly simultaneously by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

Description: Real estate practitioners are increasingly using “economic location,” rather than “geographic location,” as their primary analytic tool. That trend has gained substantial support among academics and practitioners who believe “economic location” is a more effective basis on which to build the analysis of risk in real estate portfolios.