Description: This article discusses the court cases dealing with the severability of the individual mandate from the Affordable Care Act. Severability is related to essentiality, and actuarial input was relied upon to determine essentiality. The article concludes with lessons that actuaries should learn from the legal proceedings.

Description: Why health care inflation exceeds the Consumer Price Index CPI due to tax implications. Issue No. 37.

Description: This session from the 2003 SOA Orlando Meeting looks at the behind-the-scenes costs that are often missed when designing newer, more complex products. From The Society of Actuaries Record, Volume 29, No. 3.

Description: This discussion looks at Group Accident and Sickness Insurance and asks the following questions: What loss ratios are expected during 1960 and 1961 under newly determined premium rates for basic medical care, supplementary major medical and comprehensive major medical insurance coverages? What are the design trends under comprehensive major medical insurance coverages? From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1960, Vol. 12, No. 34.

Description: This paper uses a Bayesian approach to persistency to explore retirement cost projection variability. The analysis is divided into two parts. In the first part a subjective population projection model is developed, based on a beta-binomial distribution for the number of participants persisting through a given age. Probability statements regarding such items as the number of participants at a given age and the distribution of retirees are developed. The second part shows how the model might be used to generate confidence intervals for retirement cost projections. Both the single-entry-age case and the multiple-entry-age case are considered. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1979, Vol. 31.

Description: This paper helps the audience understand the actuary’s role in estimating the financial impact of primary care programs. In addition, the paper can be used by actuaries to think about key issues when estimating the financial impact of their employers’ and clients’ own primary care programs.

Description: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act affects all exchanges of health information. It has a major impact on health-care management and the distribution of health information used in underwriting and claim management practices for all medical and non-medical lines. Also discussed are changes to Medicare, Children's Health Insurance Program, CHIP, and a proposed prescription drug plan under Medicare. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Volume 27, No. 1, Session 24PD of the Dallas Spring Meeting.

Description: A look back on the 25th anniversary of the 1984 Tax Act DEFRA and newly proposed regulations and legislation to raise tax revenue.

Description: To advise the management of a company on the most prominent disruptors that are going to increase its health expenditure in the next 5 years.

Description: Part II of a two-part series discussing individual market evolution from before the ACA through President Trump's first term.