Description: Discusses pricing assumptions – including expenses, mortality, investments, persistency, and margin for adverse deviation – for various life products and other situations. From the 1987 Record of Society of Actuaries, Vol. 13, No. 2.

Description: Discusses the process from beginning to end: identifying product needs, pricing considerations and assumptions, sales and administration systems, the state filing process, and negotiating reinsurance arrangements. From the 1987 Record of Society of Actuaries, Vol. 13, No. 4A.

Description: In this paper we use expectations of different random variables to define the notions of retrospective, prospective, individual, and aggregate net premiums for plans with contingent obligations.

Description: This session from the 2003 Washington D.C. Spring Meeting discusses a variety of risks that need to be considered in pricing life and annuity products. This session also reviews the results of the Risk Management Task Force Survey including how companies were measuring profit, how they were reflecting risk in pricing, how results were analyzed and how specific risks were being modeled. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Volume 29, No. 1, Session 7PD.

Description: This article discusses jet issued life insurance, which marries the speed and simplicity of a simplified issue product with the higher face amounts and competitive premiums of a fully underwritten product.

Description: This session from the 1995 SOA New York City Meeting discusses the factors to review in re-pricing life products, insurers' methods for monitoring in-force business, and the importance of re-pricing in-force business. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 21, No. 2.

Description: This panel discussion is about expense assumptions in pricing. It focused on: 1. What were the historical approaches to expense loadings in premium rates of life and casualty lines? 2. What are the fundamental differences in life vs. casualty expense assumptions? 3. Current changes. 4. Future possibilities.

Description: Provides clarification of the level-price method for comparing the cost of 2 different policies discussed in March 1969 article by William Gould, which drew on this author's work. This method applies to cash value life policies.

Description: This paper sets forth a method of estimating the present value of the cost of future nonvested commissions. It also provides a method of producing an agents' survival table. Followed by several discussion papers submitted