Description: The article looks back at the development of life protection product underwriting and pricing in UK. It describes the development in waves of change, looking at different drivers, e.g. consolidation of the life insurance industry, the role of technology as a driver for efficiency gains via electronic underwriting. Different levels of sophistication are being discussed and possible implications for the relationship between direct offices and reinsurers. This rather thought provoking article is based upon Munich research as well as market experience and ties in with a number of current topics as for example potential changes as a result of the Retail Distribution Review and the Gender Directive implementation.

Description: This panel discussion is about expense assumptions in pricing. It focused on: 1. What were the historical approaches to expense loadings in premium rates of life and casualty lines? 2. What are the fundamental differences in life vs. casualty expense assumptions? 3. Current changes. 4. Future possibilities.

Description: This session from the 1995 SOA New York City Meeting discusses the factors to review in re-pricing life products, insurers' methods for monitoring in-force business, and the importance of re-pricing in-force business. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 21, No. 2.

Description: This session from the 2003 Washington D.C. Spring Meeting discusses a variety of risks that need to be considered in pricing life and annuity products. This session also reviews the results of the Risk Management Task Force Survey including how companies were measuring profit, how they were reflecting risk in pricing, how results were analyzed and how specific risks were being modeled. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Volume 29, No. 1, Session 7PD.

Description: Discusses pricing assumptions – including expenses, mortality, investments, persistency, and margin for adverse deviation – for various life products and other situations. From the 1987 Record of Society of Actuaries, Vol. 13, No. 2.

Description: Discusses the process from beginning to end: identifying product needs, pricing considerations and assumptions, sales and administration systems, the state filing process, and negotiating reinsurance arrangements. From the 1987 Record of Society of Actuaries, Vol. 13, No. 4A.

Description: Provides clarification of the level-price method for comparing the cost of 2 different policies discussed in March 1969 article by William Gould, which drew on this author's work. This method applies to cash value life policies.

Description: This article discusses jet issued life insurance, which marries the speed and simplicity of a simplified issue product with the higher face amounts and competitive premiums of a fully underwritten product.

Description: This paper sets forth a method of estimating the present value of the cost of future nonvested commissions. It also provides a method of producing an agents' survival table. Followed by several discussion papers submitted