Description: Risk management techniques do not include system science. System science requires that the uncertainty of the world is incorporated into the results. The articles explains the difference between risk and uncertainty. Learn how risk practices create an overoptimistic view of future outcomes.

Description: Explores the applications and techniques of model governance, focusing on benefits such as model literacy, efficiency, and confidence.

Description: 1992 SOA Regional Meeting, Anaheim. The purpose of this session was to examine the current state of the art in product development in 1992. Topics discussed included: 1. The evolution of the product development process and the current state of the art in 1992 in product development. 2. Standards and professional responsibilities, organization and cultural issues, and illustrations and projections. 3. Practical issues in product development.

Description: 1999 SOA Regional Meeting, Atlanta. In this session on data and interoperability standards for actuaries, the panel discusses the importance of open data standards which enable communication and transmission of data between different systems developed by different vendors. They also discuss the attached white paper entitled 'Proposed Data Standards for Table Data in the Insurance and Pension Industries' which was written by the Computer Science Section of the SOA to encourage adoption of the described standard.

Description: Reinsurance has been available for VA Guarantees for over 20 years. During that time, the reinsurance market for VA Guarantees has undergone frequent and sometimes violent transformations. Where does the market stand today? What forms and structures of reinsurance are available? Which VA Guarantee designs and features are easier to reinsure? Is reinsurance offered on both newly issued policies as well as in force/legacy books, and which vintages are difficult to reinsure? In an age of sophisticated hedging programs, what role does a reinsurer play in helping a VA writer manage this highly volatile risk? In this session, we will hear from a reinsurer that is actively writing new VA Guarantee reinsurance treaties in the U.S. and around the world, and from a VA writer that has successfully partnered with a reinsurer to enhance its VA product offering

Description: In preparing claims reserves in the annual statement, health insurers and their opining actuaries will generally include a provision for adverse deviation (PAD) in their reserved amount in order to satisfy language in both in the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Health Annual Statement Instructions and in Actuarial Standards of Practice. This article explores the total level of PAD (both implicit and explicit margin combined) included in the reported claims reserves by examining NAIC filing data from 2016 through 2022.

Description: The article first tries to determine a consensus view of what social security should accomplish and then tries to measure how well the current level of benefits succeeds in meeting these goals. Assessing benefit adequacy is an essential element in putting the overall program on a sound financing footing.

Description: This is the second article in the “Process of Innovation” series, and it is focused on the process of generating and vetting promising ideas for introducing new lines of business, new processes, new products, or a new business.

Description: The purpose of this paper is not to present a revolutionary new concept, instead, it is to reexamine a familiar concept in the light of new market circumstances and, to consider the consequences to the life insurance industry if the concept were adopted.

Description: Re/insurance rates have been increasing since 2018, although pricing momentum has decelerated recently. Insurers and reinsurers are working to enhance profitability and improve the value proposition for clients in an environment of uncertainty about natural catastrophes, COVID-19-related losses, and social inflation, among other factors. This article describes drivers of the current underwriting cycle, compares it with past cycles, and provides considerations for the future.