Description: Reminding that incentive compensation needs to hit the target on average, needs to have variability related to the level of control over company’s fortune and ensure people are participating.

Description: The author recommends the use of "minimally destructive scenarios" as part of an ORSA process, in order to deal with cognitive bias that can occur in risk decision-making. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"

Description: This essay addresses ways to reduce 'negative externality' types of systemic risk. A negative externality is defined as a transaction between two parties that results in costs which accrue, in part, to one or more third parties, e.g., to society as a whole.

Description: Suggestions on reforms to avert another financial crisis by placing greater emphasis on Board competencies, particularly related to banking and risk management.

Description: Demonstrating that incentive maximization could lead to failure using game theory. This is illustrated by the optimum strategy for the Prisoner Dilemma single period, multi period and infinite period that could be mutually destructive or beneficial.

Description: The current financial crisis underscores the need for companies to take a sobering look at their approach to risk management. Among the many lessons to be learned, one is immediately clear: The subprime debacle represents a failure in risk management, rather than a failure of risk management.

Description: Property-liability insurers use reinsurance as a cost-efficient substitute for capital, but in a disruptive event, reinsurance prices and availability can change sharply.

Description: The central question is that of viability. Specifically, is the configuration of life insurers’ products and balance sheets economically viable under current accounting and ongoing market conditions?

Description: Some of the uncertainties related to catastrophe models are explored, leading to the suggestion that the actuary is well suited to understand and use these in the context of an ORSA exercise. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"

Description: When using models a company can develop blind spots to risks. This article explains how to recognize the weaknesses in the models by recognizing the markets response to the innovation within the insurance product. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"