Description: These are responses to Richard Ziock's work, Gross Premiums for Term Insurance with Varying Benefits and Premiums.

Description: Discusses considerations in preparing rate books and policy forms based on the 1958 CSO Table, the advantages and disadvantages of early adoption of premium rates and values based on the 1958 CSO, and premium structures - banding, policy fees, etc.

Description: This paper will use a sample example to examine the relationship between the pricing objective of ROI and the corporate profit measure of ROE. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1987, Vol. 39.

Description: The purpose of this paper is to present a method for calculating dividends for group life insurance policies issued on the one-year renewable term basis and deemed large enough to qualify for experience rating.

Description: This paper outlines the limitations inherent in current actuarial pricing techniques and describes a macro pricing process for product development that can produce optimal decisions in competitive environments. A discussion of the paper follows. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1991, Vol. 43.

Description: Gross premium calculation methods may be arbitrarily separated into: a- Type 1 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the denominator and b- Type 2 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the numerator. The traditional Type 1 methods directly calculate the gross premium. The purpose of this paper is: 1. to present a Type 1 method of gross premium calculation which does the following: a Incorporates the cost of reinsurance into the gross premium calculation and may be shown as a level annual cost over the gross premium calculation period. b Calculates the effect on profit margins of a change in the retention limit without redoing the original calculation. c Calculates the premiums needed to break even e.g., amortize the initial investment in surplus at the end of each policy year as a by-product. d Calculates the profit or loss generated in each policy year or over any number of policy years for any gross premium without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. e Directly solves for the gross premium that will produce any specified profit over any number of policy years without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. f Directly solves for the premium that will produce a specified yield on surplus invested in new business by a flexible technique not first involving the use of the renewal net premium or any other preliminary gross premium. 2. to provide a mathematical definition of a financially meaningful average policy size which recognizes the cost of reinsurance. 3. to provide for mathematical definitions of common measures of profit, and the mathematical relationships between them. 4. To establish formulas expressing the effect of changes in various assumptions used in the gross premium calculation as a lev

Description: This paper describes a technique used to simulate stock market trends which are then applied to evaluate the adequacy of the investment risk premium for a certain type of equity-based endowment. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1969, Vol. 21, Pt. 1, No. 61.

Description: This report documents the “Constructing Occupational -Specific Life Tables for China” project under the “China Research Topics” proposal.

Description: This paper deals primarily with the actuarial aspects of a life insurance product providing complete flexibility in the pattern of premium payments- and benefits. This paper presented a framework around which a policy of the life-cycle family can be built. Discussion includes description of how the product might work, given the legal and operational constraints at the time. Also discussion of how compliance with the Standard Valuation Law and Standard Non forfeiture laws would be achieved. Followed by submitted discussions of the paper by various people

Description: In this paper a model of term insurance experience is constructed on the basis of mortality classes theory and utility theory. The model generates a complete set of mortality, withdrawal, and conversion rates on term insurance and of mortality rates on converted policies . The resulting decrement rates can be used in a Jenkins-type formula to calculate gross premiums.