Description: Discussion of the Society of Actuaries Report on Mortality Improvement Survey from March 2003 survey from the summer of 2000

Description: It is worth the effort to obtain a pricing surface. It helps make an informed decision and facilitate the pricing conversation within and outside a company.

Description: Discussion of formulas for determining substandard extra cost of insurance charges for universal life or variable universal life policies.

Description: Tillinghast conducted a survey of mortality tables that life insurance companies used for pricing life products in 2001. One objective was to determine the underlying table being used, and the prospects of the 2001 CSO-related tables becoming a new basis for mortality measurement. This article summarizes some of the results.

Description: These are responses to Richard Ziock's work, Gross Premiums for Term Insurance with Varying Benefits and Premiums.

Description: Discusses considerations in preparing rate books and policy forms based on the 1958 CSO Table, the advantages and disadvantages of early adoption of premium rates and values based on the 1958 CSO, and premium structures - banding, policy fees, etc.

Description: This discussion is about the new procedures that are being used or are contemplated in the preparation of new rate books and policy forms with reserves and cash values computed under the 1958 CSO Table.

Description: Presented at April 1985 Spring Meeting. This session discussed traditional and modern approaches to actuarial pricing assumptions in a volatile environment.

Description: Panelists discuss recent trends in the effects of mortality and lapse rates on term life insurance. The discussion includes: • Theories predicting the impact lapse rates have on mortality after the level premium period • Recent industry studies on mortality and lapses • The impact lapse and mortality rates have on profits

Description: Gross premium calculation methods may be arbitrarily separated into: a- Type 1 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the denominator and b- Type 2 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the numerator. The traditional Type 1 methods directly calculate the gross premium. The purpose of this paper is: 1. to present a Type 1 method of gross premium calculation which does the following: a Incorporates the cost of reinsurance into the gross premium calculation and may be shown as a level annual cost over the gross premium calculation period. b Calculates the effect on profit margins of a change in the retention limit without redoing the original calculation. c Calculates the premiums needed to break even e.g., amortize the initial investment in surplus at the end of each policy year as a by-product. d Calculates the profit or loss generated in each policy year or over any number of policy years for any gross premium without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. e Directly solves for the gross premium that will produce any specified profit over any number of policy years without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. f Directly solves for the premium that will produce a specified yield on surplus invested in new business by a flexible technique not first involving the use of the renewal net premium or any other preliminary gross premium. 2. to provide a mathematical definition of a financially meaningful average policy size which recognizes the cost of reinsurance. 3. to provide for mathematical definitions of common measures of profit, and the mathematical relationships between them. 4. To establish formulas expressing the effect of changes in various assumptions used in the gross premium calculation as a lev