Description: This panel will discuss the current status of NAIC activities with respect to risk-based capital RBC. The potential impact on financial reporting with respect to health products, specifically, indemnity, HMO, disability, and nontraditional products will also be discussed. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol.21, No. 4a.

Description: Presented at May 2002 Spring Meeting. Attendees learn about the new capital allocation, the financial products company 'FPC' model recently developed by S&P -including S&P's view of interest rate risk and credit risk in the FPC model, challenges of implementing the model for a life insurance company, and how the FPC model compares to economic capital methodology.

Description: Presented at May 2002 Spring Meeting. This session covers NAIC 2001 changes to RBC requirements, the impact they have had on regulators, the rating agency reaction and proposed changes for 2002.

Description: In recent years a lot of time has been spent discussing a variety of different ways to measure the performance of an insurance company. One of the dominating concepts in the discussion of this has been 'Economic Capital' and with this the question of allocation of the [Economic] Capital with the intention of introducing a risk related measure of performance. In this paper, the authors view the performance measuring as a question of determining the appropriate distribution of a risk loading for participants in a risk pool having the overall risk priced by an actuarial premium principle. They show that the covariance principle can be found as the optimal solution to this risk sharing problem and show that the covariance principle fulfills some reasonable requirements. They furthermore suggest how the covariance principle can be at the basis of a target setting procedure for a multi-line insurance company.

Description: Increased attention was paid to regulatory capital with the global financial crisis in 2008. Whilst companies may not have the incentives to retain a large amount of capital in the absence of regulatory capital requirements, overcapitalized entities can have drawback such as its impact on competitiveness. There are other weaknesses in the regulatory capital model such as its limitation in facilitating risk-based decisions as regulatory capital does not necessarily reflect the economic reality and risks an entity faces. Nonetheless, there are ways for regulators and/or companies to handle the weaknesses in the regulatory capital model. For instance, granularity can be introduced in determining regulatory capital. Economic capital can be used to encourage entities to implement risk management controls and facilitate risk-based business decisions (e.g., risk-adjusted performance assessment and risk-based capital allocation). Ultimately, hav ing effective risk management and risk-based capital determination are ways to prevent company failures and bankruptcies.

Description: The Market Cost of Capital approach has emerged as the standard for estimating risk margins for insurers' fair value balance sheets. This paper takes some of the ideas developed for valuing life insurance liabilities and applies them to the problem of valuing credit risky bonds. The basic idea is that credit spreads should cover the cost a) best estimate defaults plus the cost of holding capital for b) contagion risk (e.g. a credit crunch) and c) parameter risk, this risk that the best estimate is wrong and must be revised. We argue that the margins required for parameter risk can capture liquidity issues. In addition, the models developed here allow the cost of capital rate itself to be a random variable which allows credit spreads to open and close stochastically. Finally, the paper argues that it is reasonable to include something like AA best estimate default rates and liquidity spreads when valuing insurance liabilities. The main rationale for doing so is the idea that there are elements of the total credit risk issue that can be hedged between the assets and liabilities.

Description: The International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) continues its development of the Insurance Capital Standard (ICS) with the introduction of ICS 1.0 in summer 2017 and plans for ICS 2.0 in 2019. This session will provide updates on the development of the standards and summarize insights from Field Testing and ICS Consultations. This session will deliver an overview of the framework and provide industry and regulatory perspectives on potential implications and next steps.

Description: Presented at May 2005 Spring Meeting. Panelists discuss annuity risk management, with particular focus on RBC and the proposed Actuarial Guideline on reserving, and how this can be applied to new product development as well as in-force product management.

Description: This article discusses the whys and hows of managing risk and capital at the enterprise level.

Description: Introduction and table of contents of essay collection.