Description: This is authors' Fellowship Credit Research Paper. This paper will develop a model for cash flow testing traditional participating insurance that utilizes pricing tools and assumptions to project reserve liabilities. The model makes use of finance and accounting tools to monitor the reasonableness of ending and intermediate surplus results that emerge under the various interest rate scenarios imposed.

Description: This paper develops the mathematical formulas for net premiums and reserves for whole life plans in which the benefit is insurance for the face amount plus the net level reserve or plus the Commissioners Reserve or plus the minimum cash value or plus a modified cash value.

Description: Discusses plan design, suitability for issue by small companies, policy experience, sales results, administrative and filing problems.

Description: On January 1, 1986, a life insurance company began issuing whole life policies countrywide on a non-medical issue basis. Each applicant was asked whether he was a smoker or non-smoker. This article looks at the 1st duration smoker/non-smoker mortality.