Description: With a reference to Malthus, this paper notes that the main constraint on human population in the foreseeable future is cultivable land for food agriculture. The author proposes a solution involving the use of land that is currently desert, using desalination and solar power a plan which he demonstrates can be sustainable and profitable.

Description: This article presents recent perspectives on the understanding and measurement of pandemic risk.

Description: This paper reviews the recently published Canadian literature on changing Canadian demographic profiles and highlights the actuarial aspects of the information provided therein. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: This article discusses the ratio of male birth to female birth, which is dropping. The experts cite older ages of parents, environmental pollution, fertility drugs, and other factors. This article discusses the observation that throughout nature, the ecosystem maintains a remarkable stability. Due to declining mortality rates for males relative to females, fewer males need to be born now to maintain equal numbers of males and females during the reproductive years. This may be a factor in the decline of the ratio of males born to females born.

Description: Demography is a very exciting subject. With a simple mathematical model, students can project a country's population forward 25, 59, 75 even 100 years. This paper will focus on six ideas from demography. They all can be useful to an actuary, yet none of them would be considered at any length if the actuary didn’t study demography.

Description: The purpose of this document is to provide information regarding the specifications of the model to be produced in connection with the project, Population Aging, Implications for Asset Values, and Impact for Pension Plans: An International Study. The authors are seeking input from actuaries and others interested in this work.

Description: Comparison of healthcare costs for early retirees versus active workers in the same age band. When adjusted for age, there is not a significant difference in costs between each group.

Description: U.S. population mortality rates by gender and single year of age for calendar years 2000-2014. To develop these rates, the SOA relied upon data furnished by the Centers for disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and the Social Security Administration.

Description: Examines the link between population structure and asset values by generating returns on assets in the presence of demographic change using an OLG Model.

Description: Identifies current trends and considerations when setting the mortality improvement assumption for individual life insurance in the US.