Description: This essay explores the role that the emerging defined contribution retirement system may be playing in the growth of wealth inequality in the United States. The current system leaves many Americans with little or no retirement savings. Those with higher accumulation levels appear to invest proportionally more in equities, which may have an exponential effect of balances over long time periods. The author hypothesizes that willingness to take investment risk involves the relationship between the amount an investor has accumulated and what she/he needs in order to cover basic costs of living. This is one reason that investors with greater accumulation levels may be able to earn higher rates of return. The essay concludes by suggesting that the U.S. defined contribution system should include all workers and provide additional fiduciary guidance. Examples reforms, both in the U.S. and other countries, are provided.

Description: Digests of following discussions: 1. Mutual life insurance companies - their objectives and operating philosophy 2. State, provincial, and municipal employee pension plans - financing and other problems 3. Mortality and underwriting of individual policies for large amounts 4. Investing during the 1970's 5. Long-range viability and regulation of corporate pension plans 6. Forecasting the environment for business 7. Liabilities and surplus in the 1970's 8. Changing modes of family life - work and income over the life cycle 9. The role of the actuary in collective bargaining 10. Health insurance in the United States 11. Adjusted earnings

Description: This presentation is a panel discussion, session 94PD, from the 2000 Annual Meeting of the Society of Actuaries, held October 15-18 in Chicago. The panelists discuss behavioral finance, which incorporates psychological phenomena into models of financial markets. Noting that behavioral finance was originally deemed controversial, the panelists look at progress made to integrate behavioral finance into models of efficient markets. The presentation includes a case study on a product in Canada commonly known as guaranteed investment fund [GIF], a segregated fund product, with risks similar to GMDB variable annuities. Behavioral finance is also discussed from the perspective of complex adaptive systems, including nonactuarial applications of these systems, some existing actuarial applications, and some potential actuarial applications. Discussion from participants is included. From the Record of Society of Actuaries, Volume 26, No. 3.

Description: Argues public plans should only hold bonds, on the basis of tax and finance arguments.

Description: As the retirement system has shifted to a greater focus on defined contribution plans and personal responsibility, post-reitrement risk management has grown in importance. This report covers the study of the process of retirement.

Description: This paper will focus on default distributions and why they are important.

Description: The is the abstract for a paper that discusses retirement planning information and the signals it provides. It focuses on the issue of communicating lump sum versus income benefits. It discusses challenges in communicating income benefits and provides some alternatives.

Description: This session from the 1995 SOA Boston Meeting presents an interview with financial industry experts on the ways in which consumers allocate investment and insurance dollars, looking at the annuity market, mutual funds and banks. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 21, No. 4b.

Description: This article discusses the different types of attitudes toward risk based on the prevailing economic climate.