Description: Chapter 9 conclusions suggest that males have higher mortality throughout the world, at all ages, and for the vast majority of diseases. Evidence also suggests that there are significant biological reasons for the sex mortality differential, but these can be masked by environmental and behavioral factors. The author looks to the Human Genome Project for further understanding of this question. From Why Men Die Younger: Causes of Mortality Differences by Sex, M-LI01-1.

Description: This is an article about single women and marketing to them.

Description: A Discussion of why female mortality is higher than male mortality at higher ages.

Description: The author highlights the unappreciated social challenge looming, the significant number of widows from the baby Boom generation. There are financial vehicles that address these risks but no easy answers to the added risks and expenses that women bear by having longer life expectancies.

Description: This report highlights the findings of the 2009 survey and focuses on issues in the survey specifically as they relate to retirement concerns unique to women.

Description: Chapter 7 suggests that there are two general families of hypotheses about the sex mortality differential: constitutional - biologic/genetic, and external - social/cultural/environmental/behavioral. The author gives a thorough review of the literature and studies performed. The conclusion offered is that there are significant biological reasons for the differential, but that these are often masked by environmental factors. From Why Men Die Younger: Causes of Mortality Differences by Sex, M-LI01-1.

Description: This presentation is a concurrent session from the 1980 Meeting of the Society of Actuaries, held May 29-30 in Minneapolis. The panelists discuss the nature of current criticisms of risk classification practices, implications of recent court decisions - Manhart and TIAA-CREF, and the potential adverse implications of eliminating some common classification variables. Discussion from participants is included. From the Record of Society of Actuaries, Volume 6, No. 2.

Description: This article contains responses from five actuaries to a request for an explanation of how the 15% figure is calculated in the contention by unisex-pricing advocates that 15% of women live longer than men, but 100% of women are penalized.

Description: Transcript of the Q&A period from session 3B. Session focused on Women's longevity issues and Chronic Disability Measurement and cost.

Description: Some of the methods used to measure the sex mortality differential are life expectancy, death rates at a given age, age-adjusted death rates, and average age at death. From Why Men Die Younger: Causes of Mortality Differences by Sex, M-LI01-1.