Description: In this paper, fuzzy sets - collections of objects whose boundaries are not precisely defined - are used to model the selection process in group health insurance. Both single and multiple options plans are discussed. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: This paper explores how change in societal forces can affect the systems for providing security including private pensions, social security, life insurance and health insurance. The societal forces examined are changes in family, role of women, inflation and the age composition of population. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1978, Vol. 30.

Description: This paper was prepared to facilitate discussions with the New York State Insurance Department concerning price regulation and the application of minimum loss ratio standards for individual health insurance. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1982, Vol. 34.

Description: This paper proposes a hypothesis that the negative public policy implications of durational rating strategies in the medical insurance market are caused by lack of prefunding of durational deterioration of experience and constitute a failure to maintain an important part of the original insuring promise. To solve the problem, a practical and simple reserving basis is proposed as a regulatory standard. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: This discussion examines miscellaneous topics. Topics include actuarial training, final salary pension plans and hospitalization and surgical insurance. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1960, Vol. 12, No. 34.

Description: This paper contains three discussions. The first is about recent developments in health insurance programs in the United States and Canada. The second discussion is about the Society and how it can provide services to its members and the public. The third discussion is on life insurance company management. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1966, Vol. 18 Pt. 2, No. 50 AB

Description: Discusses types and methods of analysis of morbidity experience, reserves, and policy form drafting issues.

Description: This discussion on individual sickness and accident insurance looks at the experience under major medical expense contracts with reference to sales, underwriting, claims and administration. The discussion also reviews the safeguards used for underwriting hospital expense coverage beyond age 65 and loss of time coverage for women.

Description: The birthday rule is used to determine whether the father's or the mother's insurer is liable for a child's medical bills, where the liability rests with the insurer of the parent whose birthday falls in the first half of the year. It is assumed that the odds are even that the liable insurer will be the mother's, vs. the father's. This paper demonstrates how the key determinant of whether this assumption is valid is the distribution of the difference in spouses' ages.

Description: At the end of 1963 health insurance claim reserves and liabilities held by companies on this continent totaled well over one billion dollars. This paper seeks to study the problems involved in calculating these reserves and liabilities and to describe the methods in use. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1964, Vol. 16, Pt. 1, No. 44 AB.