Description: In this paper, the authors created a mathematical model which reflects typical relativities by age, duration of disablement, and deferment period for disability risk. The paper is followed by discussions submitted by various reviewers.

Description: This paper explores available disability experience data in order to shed some light on the character and extent of the subjective influences which affect the frequency and duration of disability. A mathematical model for computing disability income premiums and reserves is also presented.

Description: This paper presents an introduction to collective risk theory. In collective risk theory one seeks to investigate directly the risk enterprise as a whole. Primary interest is focused not upon the gains, losses, or claims from individual policies but upon the amount of total claims or the total gain arising from all the policies in the portfolio considered. Followed by several discussion papers submitted.

Description: The analysis presented is based on several standard but nonelementary theorems of mathematical statistics.

Description: This paper describes risk-factor-dependent multiple decrements and actuarial cost functions as a general compartment model, a discrete time and discrete state stochastic model of morbidity and mortality processes. For large numbers of risk factors, the model is extended to its natural continuous time and state form. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1991, Vol. 43.

Description: This paper presents a unifying non-Bayesian statistical method for incorporating prior information into the determination of probability distributions and other finite measures and develops the statistical properties of this method together with actuarial applications. A discussion of the paper follows. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1991, Vol. 43.

Description: Gross premium calculation methods may be arbitrarily separated into: a- Type 1 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the denominator and b- Type 2 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the numerator. The traditional Type 1 methods directly calculate the gross premium. The purpose of this paper is: 1. to present a Type 1 method of gross premium calculation which does the following: a Incorporates the cost of reinsurance into the gross premium calculation and may be shown as a level annual cost over the gross premium calculation period. b Calculates the effect on profit margins of a change in the retention limit without redoing the original calculation. c Calculates the premiums needed to break even e.g., amortize the initial investment in surplus at the end of each policy year as a by-product. d Calculates the profit or loss generated in each policy year or over any number of policy years for any gross premium without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. e Directly solves for the gross premium that will produce any specified profit over any number of policy years without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. f Directly solves for the premium that will produce a specified yield on surplus invested in new business by a flexible technique not first involving the use of the renewal net premium or any other preliminary gross premium. 2. to provide a mathematical definition of a financially meaningful average policy size which recognizes the cost of reinsurance. 3. to provide for mathematical definitions of common measures of profit, and the mathematical relationships between them. 4. To establish formulas expressing the effect of changes in various assumptions used in the gross premium calculation as a lev

Description: This paper presents a method that uses three-dimensional graphs to solve stationary population problems. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1981, Vol. 33.

Description: The use of Gompertz's law to describe mortality between the ages of 30 and 90 is discussed in this paper. A further use of Gompertz's law, as a tool in comparing mortality tables, is presented for thirty-three modern tables. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1981, Vol. 33.

Description: The authors present a ‘theoretical basis for a computerized methodology for estimating biological age - a measure of time to death.’ The authors discuss how they reproduce the human underwriting of a life insurance company using a computerized methodology. Includes discussion and author’s review of discussion. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1983 Volume 35.