Description: This article contains responses from five actuaries to a request for an explanation of how the 15% figure is calculated in the contention by unisex-pricing advocates that 15% of women live longer than men, but 100% of women are penalized.

Description: Transcript of the Q&A period from session 3B. Session focused on Women's longevity issues and Chronic Disability Measurement and cost.

Description: Some of the methods used to measure the sex mortality differential are life expectancy, death rates at a given age, age-adjusted death rates, and average age at death. From Why Men Die Younger: Causes of Mortality Differences by Sex, M-LI01-1.

Description: This article is a discussion of a study released in June 1976 by the New York Insurance Department, entitled “Disability Income Insurance – Cost Differentials between Men and Women.” The author of this article notes that “due to charges by various groups of discrimination in the underwriting and establishing of premium rates for individual disability income insurance, the results of this study have been eagerly awaited by many segments of the insurance industry. Fears of substantiating uni-sex rates were unfounded as the results of the study generally conformed to those of the Society of Actuaries which the industry has relied on to a great extent in the past.”

Description: This edition focuses on three reports from the Society of Actuaries Research Institute by Anna Rappaport, along with comments from various contributors and responses to these comments by Anna. The reports and accompanying discussions highlight key findings on the post-retirement period and post-retirement risks.

Description: Chapter 3 examines historical mortality estimates that differentiate between male and female starting as far back as 1600 years ago and through the centuries to modern times when more reliable data becomes available. From Why Men Die Younger: Causes of Mortality Differences by Sex, M-LI01-1.

Description: This presentation is Part II of a two part series arranged by the Society of Actuaries Futurism Section. Part I discussed the demographic changes, business restructurings, changing social values, and changing government roles that are predicted to occur in the next 20 years. Part II discusses the effects these changes are expected have on retirement plans and retirement security. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries Vol. 20, No. 3A.

Description: Discussion of the need to understand the implications of demographic and family diversity for the design of retirement programs. The design of retirement programs is a design of programs for the elderly, who are more often women, because women live longer and because their work histories often lead to reduced levels of pension and social security benefits.

Description: References used in this research project looking at the mortality sex differential. From Why Men Die Younger - Causes of Mortality Differences by Sex, M-LI01-1.

Description: This is an Excel workbook that contains detailed reviews of the literature that was searched in the course of a study that explored pre-retirement influences on attitudes and decisions regarding retirement. The research study, conducted by Linda Smith Brothers, reviewed sixty papers written since 1990, and summarized their important points under several categories. The workbook contains a description of the specific categories covered and how they are addressed by each of the sixty papers that were reviewed.