Description: This discussion focused on looking at the immediate uses of the 1951 Impairment Study for the smaller company, the use of new technology such as punch card machines in an effort to reduce cost, methods of budget procedure, use of interim financial reporting and attendant issues such as interim period reserve computations, and problems with underwriting, commission accounting, or conflict with interests of own agents when small companies accept business from agents or brokers of other companies.

Description: This is a discussion on the paper of the same name.

Description: This paper will investigate the problem in estimating mortality rates using data obtained from insurance company records.

Description: This paper presents commutation columns for the a-1949 Table at 3 1/2% for Males and Females.

Description: This is a discussion for the paper by Manuel Gelles titled, 'Actuarial Considerations in Cost Analysis'. Commentators add their own perspectives and critiques.

Description: Discussion of issues of particular interest to small insurance companies. Includes the following topics: A. Considerations governing the mortality bases used in determining for ordinary insurance for nonparticipating premium rates and for dividends. Mortality studies available to assess the suitability of available mortality tables or modifications of them. B. Advantages and disadvantages of special termination dividends or special quinquennial dividends. C. Desirability and feasibility of having separate dividend scales for policies which include disability benefits, double indemnity benefits or both. D. Relative advantages of a three-factor dividend system versus an experience premium system. Discussion of how the latter is applied.

Description: The paper describes an approach for determining reserves for reinsurance accepted for use in financial statements prepared according to generally accepted accounting principles. Followed by a discussion paper submitted

Description: This is a discussion about substandard mortality vs. standard mortality and the effects it will have on substandard premiums. Topics included: A. Statistical evidence on the trend of substandard mortality. Does it generally follow the trend of standard mortality? B. Effect this should have on substandard extra premiums. C. Does a lowering of substandard extras require any changes in underwriting rules, either as to the range of substandard classes or as to the ratings applied to some of the major impairments?

Description: This is the discussion of the paper by Arthur Pedoe, 'The Trend of Life Insurance Company Expenses'. An alternative method for comparing expenses among companies is provided.

Description: This paper applies the duality theory of linear programming to provide insights for generalizing and solving the cash-flow matching problem.