Description: This paper examines how income sources change when married women in Britain, the U.S., and Germany are widowed, and it draws inferences about the income consequences of specific retirement and survivorship provisions. .

Description: This paper uses a simple example to examine the relationship between the pricing objective of ROI and the corporate profit measure of ROE. Additionally, this paper examines the effect on ROI and ROE of growth in the amount of new business. From Product Development Section Monograph, M-AS99-3.

Description: This paper, originally published in 1969 in Transactions of Society of Actuaries Vol. 21, presents an analysis of the basic actuarial theory for life insurance policies with fixed premiums and variable benefits reflecting the investment performance of a separate account, where in its basic form, the policyholder bears the entire investment risk. The paper discusses various regulatory and other changes that would be needed or desirable, as well as variation in design such as minimum guarantees. Significant discussion is included, with over twenty individuals contributing in addition to the authors. The introduction to the Monograph notes that while not the first paper on this topic, it “clearly established the framework for subsequent developments of variable products.”

Description: This paper considers the question of how the adjustment mechanisms described for the Swedish and German social security systems might be incorporated into private sector DB plans of the following types: multi-employer and single employer.

Description: This paper examines the Guaranteed Investment Defined Contribution GIDC plan issues, including its general design, regulatory and nondiscrimination compliance, current liability properties, PBGC premium requirements, interplay between long-term investment guarantees and actual investment choices, and miscellaneous considerations. From Cash Balance Symposium Monograph, M-RS02-3.

Description: Download the papers from the "Defining the Characteristics of the 21st Century Retirement System" monograph.

Description: This panel discussion from the SOA's 1975 Annual Meeting addressed the perceived future of pension plans. Discussions included expectations related to: 1 Plan Terminations, 2 Trend toward defined contribution or profit sharing, 3 Career pay benefit formulas, 4 Slowdown in plan liberalizations, 5 Slowdown in establishment of new plans, 6 Integration with Social Security, 7 Cost of Living Increases, 8 Inclusion of pre- and post-retirement spousal benefit at employer's cost, 9 Retirement Age, and 10 Mandatory Pensions.

Description: 2011 Enterprise Risk Management Symposium, Chicago. This paper explores cognitive and behavioral theories that can be applied to explain why emerging risk is often overlooked, downplayed or ignored. It also proposes an innovative framework for managing emerging risk within an overall enterprise risk management program.

Description: The purpose of this paper is to present to the actuarial profession a stochastic investment model which can be used for simulations extending for many years ahead. Discussed in the paper are the general reasons for choosing the style of model, the general model and how to use it, the assumptions and the sensitivity of model to the assumptions made and the possible applications in the investment and actuarial fields.

Description: This paper examines the history, reasons, and impact of the shift from traditional defined benefit plans to hybrid plans. Also discussed are the need for good communication, and for further regulation. From Cash Balance Symposium Monograph, M-RS02-3.