Description: In most countries in the developed world and also in a number of other countries, the population is aging. What impact will a changing demographic structure have, if any, on economic factors such as growth and inflation? This question is of vital importance to actuaries who use demographic and economic projections in the pricing and valuation of products, design of risk management solutions, and in opinions regarding the sustainability of social programs. This research report, funded by the Society of Actuaries (SOA), provides background on research in this area and offers insights that may be of use to practicing actuaries.

Description: This research paper assesses the adequacy of the combination of elder care and support programs in six developed countries. The programs considered are social security (retirement income), health care and long-term care, and four family compositions are considered to make the assessment. The paper discusses the difficulties of defining adequacy. The fuzzy set methodology of Ragin (2000) is used to label the level of adequacy of the combined programs. This is the first time this methodology has been applied to this problem. The paper contributes to research in the social sciences by combining quantitative and qualitative results. It finds that the combined programs are: often inadequate in England and the United States; not adequate or inadequate in Canada; and mainly adequate in France, Germany and Sweden. Three policy recommendations, which would increase the likelihood of benefit adequacy, are made.

Description: This is a paper from the session on Migration and Other Factors at the January 15-18, 2023, 2023 Living to 100 Symposium in Orlando, Florida.

Description: Abstract: This research paper assesses the adequacy of the combination of elder care and support programs in six developed countries. The programs considered are social security (retirement income), health care and long-term care, and four family compositions are considered to make the assessment. The paper discusses the difficulties of defining adequacy. The fuzzy set methodology of Ragin (2000) is used to label the level of adequacy of the combined programs. This is the first time this methodology has been applied to this problem. The paper contributes to research in the social sciences by combining quantitative and qualitative results. It finds that the combined programs are: often inadequate in England and the United States; not adequate or inadequate in Canada; and mainly adequate in France, Germany and Sweden. Three policy recommendations, which would increase the likelihood of benefit adequacy, are made.

Description: This paper describes the cost method used for the Canada Pension Plan.

Description: The purpose of this document is to provide information regarding the specifications of the model to be produced in connection with the project, Population Aging, Implications for Asset Values, and Impact for Pension Plans: An International Study. The authors are seeking input from actuaries and others interested in this work.

Description: This report explores the impact on financial assets as baby boomers enter into retirement. The authors conducted a literature search and then a detailed analysis of two papers supporting the theory demographic factors can have an impact on asset prices.

Description: This is a paper from the session on Migration and Other Factors at the January 15-18, 2023, 2023 Living to 100 Symposium in Orlando, Florida.

Description: The growing aging population presents unique challenges and opportunities, especially for the financial services industry. Presenters will explore the issues with particular focus on demographic challenges, such as age dependency ratios and implications for sovereign debt and public policy. They will also compare and contrast private sector offerings across the globe. In particular, as an example of a super-aging society, presenters will describe how Japanese insurers and pension funds tackle longevity risk.

Description: In this paper the researchers analyze pension plans for three countries (Canada, the UK, and the US) using an ESG that includes a demographic ratio that has been defined consistently for all countries. In that regard the paper extends the literature and opens areas for future research.