Description: There are two major categories of risks that are unique in international business- currency exchange rate risk and country risk. Currency exchange rate risk includes transaction exposure, translation exposure, and economic exposure. Country risk contains political risk and economic risk. There are a few different methods to hedge currency exchange rate risk and country risk also discussed in the article. Before you decide to invest in a certain country’s market, ensure you understand the currency exchange rate and political risks associated with the investment by performing due diligence on the country’s economic, political and cultural condition.

Description: Read the February 2017 issue of Risks and Rewards published by the Investment Section.

Description: When a life insurance company changes its basis for computing tax reserves, a special 10-year spread rule found in section 807(f) of the Internal Revenue Code applies to the change. But, what happens if the statutory accounting for original issue discount (OID) or bond premium changes? A discussion follows.