Description: 1988 Valuation Actuary Symposium. The speakers in this session addressed the relative volatility of participating whole life versus universal life and the annual-premium versus single- premium basis.

Description: 1988 Valuation Actuary Symposium. In this session the speaker described the attributes of a UL policy, how his company invested the cash that was built up, valuation of the product, modeling in general, the specific model structure for Universal Life, problems encountered in the modeling process, and some of the more interesting aspects of the results.

Description: In this article, we explore key insights from Oliver Wyman's 2020 Life PBR Emerging Practices Survey, which provides a broad industry perspective with more than 50 companies participating representing 95 percent of the individual life market (by written premium). Insights include the impact of PBR on reserves and profitability in addition to emerging practices related to product design, assumption development, and methodology decisions.