Description: The birthday rule is used to determine whether the father's or the mother's insurer is liable for a child's medical bills, where the liability rests with the insurer of the parent whose birthday falls in the first half of the year. It is assumed that the odds are even that the liable insurer will be the mother's, vs. the father's. This paper demonstrates how the key determinant of whether this assumption is valid is the distribution of the difference in spouses' ages.

Description: A simplified model adapts very easily to simulation by a computer, and this is what the author has done with several selected pairs of probability distributions in order to calculate the probability of a casualty company's being ruined shortly after its establishment. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1969, Vol. 21, Pt. 1, No. 61.

Description: This paper investigates how the concepts of asset-liability matching can be used to shape investment strategy. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1980, Vol. 32.

Description: Shiu derives two formulas for calculating the probability of eventual ruin in a collective risk model. This paper implements one of the formulas by incorporating an algorithm to reduce round-off error due to convolution. It gives the results of the programs for some claim distributions.

Description: This discussion at the SOA 1968 Philadelphia and Los Angeles Regional Meetings is about corporate planning and the actuary's role in the process.

Description: The dependent relationship between two lives is readily analyzed within the context of probability theory. This paper presents useful relationships between certain actuarial and probability functions and then explores measures of dependence. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1986, Vol. 38.

Description: In this paper an algorithm is derived for computing the distribution of aggregate claims for the individual risk theory model. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1983, Vol. 35.

Description: This paper defines a general model for arbitrary units and gives formulas for computing the variance and mean squared error of decrement estimators. It is observed that, in small studies, the mean squared error is reduced by counting lives, even if the probability of death depends somewhat on the amount of insurance. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1981, Vol. 33.

Description: The net premium for insurance for expected loss in excess of a retention limit may be small, but the resulting variance of excess losses produces a standard deviation several times that of the premium. The purpose of this paper is to give a derivation and evaluation of the standard deviation of the excess losses.

Description: This paper is an attempt to examine transmission and incubation period models. Results are used to estimate the risk of HIV+ exposure of an individual company and the resulting reserve needs. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1989, Vol. 41.